AIM To describe how pegylated glucose-coated gold nanoparticles (PEG-Glu-GNPs) can help improve computed tomography (CT) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS PEG-Glu-GNPs were designed for use as an imaging nanoprobe to act an effective contrast agent for both CT and PET scans. Twelve BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: mice with injected with PEG-Glu-GNPs and control mice. The mice were exam...

In spite of extensive studies conducted on carbon nanotubes and silicate layers for their polymer-based nanocomposites, the rise of graphene now provides a more promising candidate due to its exceptionally high mechanical performance and electrical and thermal conductivities. The present study developed a facile approach to fabricate epoxy-graphene nanocomposites by thermally expanding a commer...

A major obstacle in the field of nanotoxicology is the development of an in vitro model that accurately predicts an in vivo response. To address this concern, rat liver precision-cut slices were used to assess the impact of 5-nm gold nanoparticles (GNPs) coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the mammalian liver, following exposure to different concentrations and for a duration of up to 24 h...

An in-situ reduction method has been reported to prepare gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of 40-110 nm by using the green reducing agents of proteins, which are activated by H2O2 and the superoxide anion (). The protein of collagen turns HAuCl4 to the aqueous Au(I) ainions, which are further reduced by other proteins to be highly monodispersed and spherical GNPs of different sizes. The GNPs reduced by...

OBJECTIVES The widely promising applications of graphene nanomaterials raise considerable concerns regarding their environmental and human health risk assessment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity profiling of graphene family nananomaterials (GFNs) in alternative in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing models. METHODS The GFNs used in this study are graphene nanoplatelet...

The long-term toxicity effects of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on the proliferation and differentiation of a progenitor cell line, MG63 osteoblast-like cells, was investigated. These cells were treated for 20 hours with two media that contained 10 nm GNPs at concentrations of 1 ppm and 10 ppm. The mitosis of the GNP-treated MG63 was observed after at least 21 hours using dark-field and fluorescenc...

Many genes initially identified for their roles in cell fate determination or signaling during development can have a significant impact on tumorigenesis. In the developing cerebellum, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) stimulates the proliferation of granule neuron precursor cells (GNPs) by activating the Gli transcription factors. Inappropriate activation of Shh target genes results in unrestrained cell di...

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood, is believed to derive from immature granule neuron precursors (GNPs) that normally proliferate in the external granule layer before exiting the cell cycle and migrating to their mature location in the inner granule layer. In this study, we examined the expression of D type cyclins in GNPs during cerebellar development and show...

In this paper, a label-free aptamer based detection system (apta-DS) was investigated for detecting colon cancer cells. For this purpose, we employed an aptamer specific to colon cancer cells like HCT116 expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on their surfaces. Capture aptamers were covalently immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) through self-assembly monolayer of 11-merca...

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been demonstrated as effective radiosensitizing agents in a range of preclinical models using broad field sources of various energies. This study aimed to distinguish between these mechanisms by applying subcellular targeting using a soft X-ray microbeam in combination with GNPs. DNA damage and repair kinetics were determined following nuclear and cytoplasmic irra...