Local scouring around the bridges piers has always been considered as a problem, especially in rivers. If we do not take the necessary actions to avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon or to reduce its influence, then the bridge's piers will be destroyed. Placing the bridge piers' foundation far from the earth's surface will turn out in a plan which is not economic at all. Experimental studies...

Human intervention makes river channels adjust their slope and bed surface grain size as they transition to a new equilibrium state in response engineering measures. Climate change alters the controls through hydrograph changes sea level rise. We assess how channel climate compares human over this century (2000–2100), focusing on 300-km reach of Rhine River. set up schematized numerical model r...

To understand how hydrological processes are related across different spatial scales, 201 rainfall runoff events were examined in three nested catchments of the upper river Saalach in the Austrian Alps. The Saalach basin is a nested catchment covering different spatial scales, from the micro-scale (Limberg, 0.07 km2), to the small-catchment scale (Rammern, 15.5 km2), and the meso-scale (Viehhof...

Formulation of an automatic calibration strategy for the MIKE 11/NAM rainfall–runoff model is outlined. The calibration scheme includes optimisation of multiple objectives that measure different aspects of the hydrograph: (1) overall water balance, (2) overall shape of the hydrograph, (3) peak flows, and (4) low flows. An automatic optimisation procedure based on the shuffled complex evolution ...

understanding of the runoff generation processes is important in understanding the magnitude and dynamics ofgroundwater discharge. however, these processes continue to be difficult to quantify and conceptualize. in this study,two digital filter based separation modules, the recursive filtering method (rdf) and a generalization of therecursive digital filter (grdf) were1991–2002 in the hableh ro...