This paper gave an estimate of processing time for fast visual categorization of animals. While subjects were asked to decide whether a 20-msec flashed natural photograph contains an animal, differential event-related potential (ERP) activity between target trials and distractor trials was observed in frontal recording sites at around 150 msec after stimulus onset. The authors thus claimed that...

Proof. By composing Y with a homeomorphism R→ (0, 1) if required, we may assume that Y is bounded and we do so. To prove the claim, we appeal to the standard machinery using the monotone class theorem. Let L∞ be the family of bounded σ(X )-measurable functions and let H be the subset of L∞ defined by H = {Y ∈ L∞ : ∃ a Borel-measurable f satisfying Y = f (X ) a.s.}. We claim thatH = L∞. To this ...

• Suppose that |X | = ∞. Given any n ∈ Z, choose a set of n distinct points Xn = {x1, · · · , xn } ⊂ X . We claim that Claim 1.1. The mapping α : C(X ) → C(Xn ) given by α( f ) = f |Xn is a surjective linear map. Assuming this, we know that dim C(X ) ≥ C(Xn ) = n for any n. Therefore dim C(X ) = ∞. To finish the proof we are required to show Claim 1.1. It is straightforward that α is a well-def...

Saving power is a fundamentally important goal in mobile devices where battery life limits the utility of such devices. Much research has been done in trying to develop schemes for saving power and extending battery life by turning off components of the device when they are not needed to save power. Choosing when to turn off the devices often requires a system to have the ability to predict whe...

Proof. I It is straightforward to prove that D is both a normed vector space and an algebra over C. In order to prove that D is a Banach algebra, we check the followings: • The norm ‖ · ‖d onD is complete. Indeed, let { fn }∞ n=1 ⊂ D be a sequence such that ∑ n ‖ fn ‖d < ∞. Then both ∑ n fn and ∑ f ′ n converges uniformly in C([0, 1]) and hence f (x) = ∞ ∑ n=1 fn (x) = ∞ ∑ n=1 ( fn (0) + ∫ x 0 ...

• On module testing level, tests are performed against low-level software requirements (i.e., design specifications), and the test data refers to software objects (e.g., function interfaces, global variables). • On software integration level, tests are performed against high-level software requirements, and the test data refers again to software objects. • On HW/SW integration level, tests are ...

We present an architecture for rapid prototyping of selected controldominated HW parts resulting from HW/SW cosynthesis. Our codesign toolkit AKKA[1], which targets to design of control intensive systems, consists of design space exploration, estimation, partitioning, cosimulation and verification subtools in common environment. For fast prototyping of HW parts an EVC board with Xilinx XC4013 F...

Hydrogen-rich warm water (HW) has not been verified yet for skin anti-aging effects. Daily 10 min HW (dissolved hydrogen: 338–682 μg/mL, 41 °C) bathing and poultice with HW-impregnated towels 11–98 days were demonstrated to improve wrinkle degrees (29 skin-loci) from 3.14 ± 0.52 1.52 0.74 (p &lt; 0.001) blotch (23 loci) 3.48 0.67 1.74 0.92 in five healthy subjects (49–66 years old), by densito-...