The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV -1 and HIV -2), the etiological agents of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), beIong to the lentivirus subfamily of the Retroviridae famiIy. Sequence ana1ysis of viral DNA indicates a separate ancestral lineage for HIV 1 and HIV -2. PhyIogenetic anaIysis of diverse geographical isolates has shown HIV-l to cluster into two distinct major groups...

The advent of potent antiretroviral therapy has altered the expected natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and of many previously associated opportunistic complications, including malignancies. At the same time, HIV suppression has not affected all of these complications equally and the longer expected survival of infected patients may allow the development of newer co...

Background: Frequent infections is among the most frequent clinical dilemmas for primary care physicians. Immunodeficiency disorders are a heterogeneous group of illnesses that predispose patients to the recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory data collected for the final diagnosis of patients referred with recurrent...

BACKGROUND Rifampin is a key drug in antituberculosis chemotherapy because it rapidly kills the majority of bacilli in tuberculosis lesions, prevents relapse and thus enables 6-month short-course chemotherapy. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of rifampin in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of rifampin in children with tuberculosis, both human ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine the Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and to identify the demographic, behavioural and clinical factors associated with C. trachomatis in human immunodeficiency virus infected men. STUDY This was a cross-sectional study of C. trachomatis prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men enrolled at the Outpatient clinic of acqui...

1.1.1 Taxonomy The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was first isolated in 1983 (BarréSinoussi et al., 1983; Gallo et al., 1983), and firmly associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1984 (Gallo et al., 1984; Montagnier et al., 1984). A second related virus, called HIV-2, was subsequently discovered in West Africa (Clavel et al., 1986). HIV-1 and HIV-2 belong to...

Background: Iranian female methadone patients are at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to involvement in high-risk sexual behaviours and/or needle sharing. The present study aimed to explore the perceived educational needs related to HIV among a group of Iranian female methadone patients. Methods:The research design was qualitativ...

Articular manifestations are a frequent but often underdiagnosed manifestation in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We present a 7-year-old HIV-infected malnourished girl who presented with recurrent joint pain and effusion in the left knee joint. Her antistreptolysin O, dsDNA, antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid arthritis factor were negative. She responded to anti...