Triboelectric charging is common in desert sandstorms and dust devils on Earth; however, it remains poorly understood. Here we show a charging mechanism of sands with the adsorbed water on micro-porous surface in wind-blown sand based on the fact that water content is universal but usually a minor component in most particle systems. The triboelectric charging could be resulted due to the differ...

Problem statement: Metering and charging are basic accounting functions that are essential for commercial usage of web services. Current charging and accounting schemes primarily involve users being charged flat or based on the connection/session time. Accounting management of web services should provide for metering, charging, accounting, billing, payment and auditing. We have extended our ear...

Supercapacitors have exceptional power density and cyclability but smaller energy density than batteries. Their energy density can be increased using ionic liquids and electrodes with subnanometre pores, but this tends to reduce their power density and compromise the key advantage of supercapacitors. To help address this issue through material optimization, here we unravel the mechanisms of cha...

ACTS Project SUSIE AC320 The SUSIE project deals with the development of a charging approach for QoS-enhanced IP services or Premium IP services provided over ATM. This includes the development of charging schemes as well as the design and implementation of the charging systems. The charging approach is evaluated and validated in the SUSIE trials. In the following, selected achievements of the ...

As the number of electric vehicles increases, the impact of their charging on distribution networks is being investigated using different load profiles. Due to the lack of real charging data, the majority of these load impact studies are making assumptions for the electric vehicle charging demand profiles. In this paper a two-step modelling framework was developed to extract the useful informat...

Droplet charging characteristics depending on the geometry of charging electrodes have been investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiments, two contrasting electrode systems are examined: pin-pin versus planar-planar types. To confirm the different charging behaviours on each electrode, an asymmetric system of a pin-planar type has also been examined. From the experimental and ...

In this paper, a two-stage optimal charging scheme based on transactive control is proposed for the aggregator to manage day-ahead electricity procurement and real-time EV charging management in order to minimize its total operating cost. The day-ahead electricity procurement considers both the day-ahead energy cost and expected real-time operation cost. In the real-time charging management, th...

Using the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron (HOPE) and Electric Field and Waves (EFW) instruments from the Van Allen Probes, we explored the relationship between electron energy fluxes in the eV and keV ranges and spacecraft surface charging. We present statistical results on spacecraft charging within geosynchronous orbit by L and MLT. An algorithm to extract the H+ charging line in the HOPE instr...

This paper is devoted to the infrastructure issues arising from the ultrafast charging of electric vehicles in the timeframe of ~5 minutes. To mitigate variances and peaks caused by high energy transfer rate and pulse-like load, an ultrafast charging station must be partially decoupled from the utility grid by the usage of intermediate energy buffers. The perspective charging station load and i...

In this experiment effect of two full and half width sinusoidal inner tubes in triplex-tube heat exchanger with phase change material (PCM) was investigated. Length and diameter of the tubes have been chosen such that the area of each tube to be the same. Charging and discharging processes were carried out by inner tube, outer tube and both. Results indicated, PCM melting and solidification tim...