Enhancing the critical heat flux (CHF) of industrial boilers by surface texturing can lead to substantial energy savings and global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, but fundamentally this phenomenon is not well understood. Prior studies on boiling crisis indicate that CHF monotonically increases with increasing texture density. Here we report on the existence of maxima in CHF enhancement ...

Efforts to understand the influence of historical global warming on individual extreme climate events have increased over the past decade. However, despite substantial progress, events that are unprecedented in the local observational record remain a persistent challenge. Leveraging observations and a large climate model ensemble, we quantify uncertainty in the influence of global warming on th...

Dry etching techniques employing ion beam induced surface reaction and the possibility of highly charged ion beam in dry etching are described, and the preliminary work on dry etching of GaAs using highly charged ion (HCI) is also presented. In usual dry etching, total etch rate is a summation of the physical sputtering rate, the chemical etching rate, and the ion-induced chemical etching rate....

Residents of a developed society enjoy various kinds of new residential, commercial and industrial developments. Many of these developments, however, may get us exposed potentially to hazardous accidents upon applications. Among them, burns and scalds are probably the most commonly encountered incidents [1-3]. For example, electric appliances like sprinklers, kettles, hot pot cookers, steam/dry...

DNA extracted from the kidneys of rodents captured in different urban areas of Palermo, Italy, had been analysed for the presence of pathogenic L. interrogans sensu latu DNA. PCR analysis had shown that in rodents captured close to green areas and small river up to 40 % animals give positive PCR results. Not many cases of human leptospirosis are reported in Sicilian island in which hot season i...

BACKGROUND Heat stress adversely affects the physiological and metabolic status, and the productive performance of buffalo. METHODS The present study was conducted to explicate the effect of misting and wallowing cooling strategies during heat stress in lactating Murrah buffalo. The study was conducted for three months (May-July) of which first two months were hot dry and last month was hot h...

Six controlled-release personal-use topical insect/arthropod repellent formulations of diethylmethylbenzamide (deet) were evaluated in an environmental chamber on volunteers for repellency against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Ae. taeniorhynchus under three climatic regimens: basic variable high humidity (tropical environment), basic constant high humidity (forested and wet environment) and ...

Wood darkening and kiln brown stain (KBS) in kiln drying has caused significant economic loss to the wood processing industry which. Although extensive studies have been performed, feasible drying techniques have not yet been developed to economically produce bright, pale colour wood from commercial drying. The current work research has been conducted to dry radiata pine sapwood in hot air and ...