We explored differences in the properties of convergent afferent inputs to single neurons in the barrel area of the neocortex. Thalamocortical slices were prepared from mature mice. Recordings were made from neurons in layer V, and either thalamocortical afferents or horizontal intracortical axons were stimulated. Monosynaptic EPSPs from both sources had latencies shorter than 1.8 msec and low ...

Slow spontaneous rhythmic activity is generated and propagates in neocortical slices when bathed in an artificial cerebrospinal fluid with ionic concentrations similar to the ones in vivo. This activity is extraordinarily similar to the activation of the cortex in physiological conditions (e.g., slow-wave sleep), thus representing a unique in vitro model to understand how cortical networks main...

The three-dimensional structure of clouds is known to be important for determining their radiative effects, but it is difficult to obtain this structure directly from observations. In this paper a stochastic model is described that is capable of simulating the structural properties unique to cirrus: fallstreak geometry and shear-induced mixing.We first present an analysis of time–height cloud r...

objective: the main objective pursued in this paper is to investigate the energy consumption for drying of potato slices using vacuum-infrared drying method. methods: drying of potato slices with the thicknesses of 1, 2 and 3 mm were conducted at vacuum levels of zero (without vacuum), 20, 80 and 140 mm [hg], infrared radiation at power levels of 100, 150 and 200 w in the three repetition. resu...

objective(s) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) regulate epileptiform activity and produce a sustained pro-epileptogenic action within the hippocampal slices. in the present study, we investigated the effect of nachrs on evoked glutamatergic synaptic transmission in area ca3 and ca1 of rat hippocampal slices to identify possible excitatory circuits through which activation of nachrs pro...

Pyramidal cells in layer 2/3 of cat striate cortex extend long axons that form clustered projections linking iso-orientation columns. Using extracellular biocytin injections in brain slices, the formation of these projections was examined in the ferret to determine whether horizontal projections exhibit similar patterns of development in the ferret and the cat, and to relate the time course of ...

Horizontal connections are a principal component of intrinsic cortical circuitry. They arise mainly from pyramidal cells and course parallel to the brain's surface for distances as long as 8 mm, linking columns with shared orientation preference and allowing cells to integrate visual information from outside their receptive fields. We examined the synaptic physiology of the horizontal pathway i...