PURPOSE Human vision has a puzzling stereoscopic anisotropy: horizontal depth corrugations are easier to detect than vertical depth corrugations. To date, little is known about the function or the underlying mechanism responsible for this anisotropy. Here, we aim to find out whether this anisotropy is independent of age. To answer this, we compare detection thresholds for horizontal and vertica...

The commentaries by Aaker (2006), Meyers-Levy (2006), and Oyserman (2006) extend the implications of the horizontal/vertical distinction described in our article (Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, & Torelli, 2006) in a number of interesting directions. We join these authors in calling for further research on horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism constructs. We also highlight conceptual ...

We introduce the horizontal and vertical topologies on the product of topological spaces, and study their relationship with the standard product topology. We show that the modal logic of products of topological spaces with horizontal and vertical topologies is the fusion S4 ⊕ S4. We axiomatize the modal logic of products of spaces with horizontal, vertical, and standard product topologies. We p...

1. In early local feedback models for controlling horizontal saccade amplitude, a feedback signal of instantaneous eye position is continuously subtracted from a reference signal of desired eye position at a comparator. The output of the comparator is dynamic motor error, the remaining distance the eyes must rotate to reach the saccadic goal. When feedback reduces dynamic motor error to zero, t...

Stereo depth perception depends on the fact that objects project to different positions in the two eyes. Because our eyes are offset horizontally, these retinal disparities are mainly horizontal, and horizontal disparity suffices to give an impression of depth. However, depending on eye position, there may also be small vertical disparities. These are significant because, given both vertical an...

PURPOSE Adaptation to eccentric viewing in subjects with a central scotoma remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the adaptation stages of oculomotor control to forced eccentric reading in normal subjects. METHODS Three normal adults (25.7 +/- 3.8 years of age) were trained to read full-page texts using a restricted 10 degrees x 7 degrees viewing window stabilized...

Field observations of the incurred damages to the buildings and bridges due to earthquakes in near field show there are various failure modes which are in relation to the forces caused by vertical component. While vertical component of earthquake for ordinary buildings in most seismic regulations and standards is not considered. Therefore, in the current study the effects of vertical and horizo...

there is always a considerable difference between the corporate performance and the tax levy that is identified by the taxation authorities which has become a common practice. this fact has led to no fairness among taxpayers, a fact that influences the horizontal and vertical sides of equity. horizontal equity is created when people feel the benefits of the tax gain that is proportional to the ...