Let T be a nite set of tiles. The group of invariants G (T), introduced by the author P], is a group of linear relations between the number of copies of tiles in tilings of the same region. We survey known results about G , the height function approach, the local move property, various applications and special cases.

The prevalence of diabetes has alarmingly increased in both developed and developing countries all across the world in the recent years. The prevalence of different complications and comorbid conditions associated with diabetes is also rampantly increasing, thereby negatively affecting lives of many people. In fact, obesity which is associated with diabetes is considered as a major public healt...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. The understanding of the pathophysiology of AF has changed drastically during the last several decades. Recent observations have challenged the concept of the multiple circuit reentry model in favor of single focus or single circuit reentry models. Atrial electrical dysfunction provides a favorable substra...

We suggest that all horizons of spacetime, no matter whether they are black hole, Rindler, or de Sitter horizons, have certain microscopic properties in common. We propose that these properties may be used as the starting points, or postulates, of a microscopic theory of gravity. ∗ e-mail: [email protected]

The previous sessions have borne witness to the fact &at high energy accelerator and storage ring technology is a.subject of continuing vitality. Nothing dramatizes this more convincingly than the chart (Fig. 1) which shows the growth in energy of the world’s accelerators in time. If one includes in this chart the equivalent laboratory energy of existing and projected colliding beam storage rin...

Cooperation is a widespread natural phenomenon yet current evolutionary thinking is dominated by the paradigm of selfish competition. Recent advances in many fronts of Biology and Non-linear Physics are helping to bring cooperation to its proper place. In this contribution, the most important controversies and open research avenues in the field of social evolution are reviewed. It is argued tha...

Introduction Ectopic pregnancy may be defined as implantation of fertilized ovum out side the normal uterine cavity. It may occur in tube (95%), the uterus (intramural, angular, cervical or in rudimentary horn), the ovary, the broad ligament or else where in the peritoneal cavity. The common site in the tube is the ampulla, followed by the isthmus. In the ampulla, the pregnancy is often expelle...

This editorial celebrates the re-launch of PMC Biophysics previously published by PhysMath Central, in its new format as BMC Biophysics published by BioMed Central with an expanded scope and Editorial Board. BMC Biophysics will fill its own niche in the BMC series alongside complementary companion journals including BMC Bioinformatics, BMC Medical Physics, BMC Structural Biology and BMC Systems...

A set of boundary conditions defining an undistorted, non-rotating isolated horizon are specified in general relativity. A space-time representing a black hole which is itself in equilibrium but whose exterior contains radiation admits such a horizon. However, the definition is applicable in a more general context, such as cosmological horizons. Physically motivated, (quasi-)local definitions o...