We studied a 60-yr-old female with a brain tumor who showed severe symptoms of hypoglycemia (plasma glucose, 2.2 mmol/L) and hyperinsulinemia (1.28 nmol/L) after radiotherapy. The cystic brain tumor contained proinsulin and insulin at concentrations of 13.6 and 1.22 nmol/L, respectively. Immunohistochemical studies showed the tumor cells were ectodermal in origin but not endodermal, based on th...

Caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) proteins play an important role in development and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. Using cDNA differential display, we identified clusterin as a prominently induced gene in a Cdx2-regulated cellular model of intestinal differentiation. Transfection experiments and DNA-protein interaction assays showed that clusterin is an immediate downstream target g...

Glioblastoma growth is driven by cancer cells that have stem cell properties, but molecular determinants of their tumorigenic behavior are poorly defined. In cancer, altered activity of the epigeneticmodifiers Polycomband Trithorax complexes may contribute to the neoplastic phenotype. Here, we provide the first mechanistic insights into the role of the Trithorax protein mixed lineage leukemia (...

Previous studies have demonstrated that certain Wnt ligands can promote high levels of cooperative signaling in a cell type specific manner. To explore the underlying mechanism of this cooperative Wnt signaling, we performed a high-throughput screen of more than 14,000 cDNAs to identify genes that promote cooperative Wnt signaling in the context of a single Wnt ligand, Wnt2. This screen identif...