Malignant melanoma accounts for less than 3% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies, and it is mainly metastatic in origin. In contrast, primary melanoma of the small bowel is an extremely rare entity. We report the case of a 34year-old male who was diagnosed with melanoma involving the ileum most likely secondary in origin. Histologically, the neoplastic cells involved the entire wall thic...

The leucine metabolite -hydroxy-methylbutyrate (HMB) prevents muscle protein degradation in cancer-induced weight loss through attenuation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. To investigate the mechanism of this effect, the action of HMB on protein breakdown and intracellular signaling leading to increased proteasome expression by the tumor factor proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) ...

Dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy is due to an increase in protein breakdown and a decrease in protein synthesis, associated with an over-stimulation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. These effects are mediated by alterations in IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling. In this study, we have investigated the effects of β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the regulation of autophagy and proteosomal sy...

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) is characterized by intense skin reactions at bite sites. The pathogenesis of HMB might be related to clonal lymphoproliferation of Epstein-Barr virus DNA-positive natural killer (NK) cells. We report the first case of HMB possibly associated with NK cell-derived large granular lymphocyte (NK-LGL) lymphocytosis in Korea.

Background b-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of the amino acid leucine, has been shown to promote strength and lean muscle mass when supplemented in conjunction with resistance training. Recently, a new free-acid form of HMB has been shown to reach higher plasma concentrations in a shorter amount of time compared to the calcium-salt form. This higher bioavailability may rationalize...

The effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during gestation on bone, growth plate, and articular cartilage in newborns were determined. Thermal analysis of articular cartilage was performed to examine the structural changes in collagen. At day 70 of gestation, a total of 12 sows (Large White Polish breed, at the second parity) were randomly assigned to two groups, w...

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a leucine metabolite, improves muscle mass and function. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of HMB administration in an experimental in vivo model of cancer cachexia (CC). Wistar rats were randomized to receive standard or 4% HMB-enriched chow. Rats from both groups were randomized to receive an i.p. inoculum of AH-130 cells (TB). All rats were weighed ...

BACKGROUND Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT) is an inherited genetic disorder caused by defects in the platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIA, and is associated with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). HMB is a common complication in female patients, and many adolescent girls with this disease have issues with HMB beginning at menarche. The available treatment modalities including anti-fibrinolytic...

An unusual primary adenomatoid tumour arising in the normal liver is described. Hepatectomy was performed, and the patient is alive and free of disease 1 year postsurgery. Grossly, the tumour showed a haemorrhagic cut surface with numerous microcystic structures. Histological examination revealed cystic or angiomatoid spaces of various sizes lined by cuboidal, low-columnar, or flattened epithel...

A 58-year-old man presented with the chief complaint of abdominal bloating and was incidentally found to have a liver tumor. As diagnostic imaging studies could not rule out malignancy, the patient underwent partial resection of segment 3 of the liver. The lesion pathologically showed eosinophilic proliferation, in addition to immunohistochemical positivity for human melanoma black 45 and Melan...