This article offers an anthropological outline of immanent critique in Islamic traditions. In addressing the question – what is immanent critique? – it dwells on the interrelationships amongst the Enlightenment’s notion of reason, critique, and Islam. My main contention is that to construe the Western notion of critique derived from Enlightenment’s specific conceptualization of reason as critiq...

Moral character and ascetic practice have not been major themes in contemporary analytic religious epistemology, but they the epistemologies of several influential historical figures, including medieval Islamic philosopher al-Ghazalı. This article will be concerned with place moral both al-Ghazalı’s epistemology epistemology. By reading al-Ghazalı alongside work, I aim to highlight some fruitfu...

1. Among the many different star-like motifs used in the geometrical art of Islam, there is one which stands out as distinctively "Islamic" (see fig. 1). We shall call this motif a geometric rosette, since it resembles a flower or rosette, with an outer ring formed by a variable number of "petals" encircling a central star. One possible interpretation of the formal, if not historical, origin of...

ghorban tower as an architectural monument is one of the outstanding resting- place of islamic era in hamadan city which has not been studied properly. previous studies on the tower concerning its architectural features or its historical background showed that the tower may be a place where a dignified religious man named khajeh hafez abol'ala hamadani berried inside in saljuk era and afte...

the term “sānād” i-e (persian historical document) is an important key word in history. although there are many researches about purport, applicable field of “sanad” but historical linguistic of this term is little-known. in regard to that this word have not a long use by mean “written” and “document” in  iranian historical texts, therefore  mind question of this article is: when this term in r...