In 1990, the Chicago Academy of Sciences held a conference, Sustainable Cities: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity, which led to the publication of a book entitled The Ecological City (Platt et aI., 1994). This symposium differed from others on cities at that time by focusing principally on cities as habitats for biodiversity. The thrust of the symposium was that interactions between p...

Historic buildings are the cultural and traditional identity of a country. However, these vulnerable to earthquakes because their aged structure, poor maintenance, inadequate structural health monitoring. Therefore, seismic vulnerability assessment is critical aspect in restoration retrofitting heritage buildings. In this study, comprehensive survey was performed collect data old historic churc...

We develop an ecological network model for urban systems using throughflow and utility analyses. The model uses compartments based on five sectors (energy exploitation, energy transformation, industry, households, and recovery). The trophic levels include energy producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. The goal is to understand the metabolic system’s network structure...

abstract man has a social life and during his life he establishes the most important social institution which is known as a family. this social institution, the family, evokes the architecture of a house. the formation of the house as a family behavioral setting is related to the social behavior, also culture and ethics of the members of the family. more than 90% of the buildings in most tradit...

like other developing countries, iranian cities are growing and expanding physically at a high speed. for about five decades, the only policy of the urban development plans in the field of urban growth management has been definition of the urban growth boundary (u.g.b.) which is still used without any major modifications.despite the slight evidences indicating the ineffectiveness of the current...

like other developing countries, iranian cities are growing and expanding physically at a high speed. for about five decades, the only policy of the urban development plans in the field of urban growth management has been definition of the urban growth boundary (u.g.b.) which is still used without any major modifications.despite the slight evidences indicating the ineffectiveness of the current...

The nature of the era, and imposition modern developments in society, played a role stopping original function many old historical buildings, that became reason for neglecting such facilities, then destroying them, which threatens their demise greatly reduces general character city loses Its texture. It enjoys civilization seven thousand years fertile legacy history places attract tourists from...

This thesis deals with the morphological problems of urban expansions in the towns and small cities in Latin America, particularly in Venezuela, which in their physical structure contain the major elements and patterns of the colonial grided settlement. The morphology of the urban-scape constitutes the spaces and the volumes that define them, also referred to as urban form. Many small cities in...