The current profile along the 126 ns, multi-bunch beam pulse in the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) is monitored with fast toroids (rise time ~1 ns). Inserted at several positions along the beam line, they allow us to track current transmission as a function of position along the bunch train. Various measurements, such as rise time, current, width, and slope, are made on the digit...

location estimation of distributed sensors are take great importance in Wireless Sensors Network (WSN)applications .This paper focus on Radio Signal Strength Indictor(RSSI) to estimate distance between two sensors since RSSI low cost and energy consumption. The main reductions suffered by signal are due to fading , multipath, shadowing and 'large-scale' path loss .Path loss module calculated pr...

*Thanks are due to Hans Rott and Maurice Pagnucco who have commented on the July draft of this essay and who subsequently sent me a draft of their ideas on contraction. I have sought here to explain how I came to change my mind and favor mild contractions (or severe withdrawals as Rott and Pagnucco call such contractions) and to indicate some of the relations between the approach of Rott and Pa...