The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of tropical intraseasonal variability, and a theory explaining its structure and successful numerical simulation remains a major challenge. A successful model for the MJO should have a propagation speed of 4-7 m/s predicted by theory; a wavenumber-2 or -3 structure for the planetary-scale, low-frequency envelope with distinct active ...

Transient voltage oscillation was observed in the spin-density wave phase of (TMTSF)2AsFs. Its frequency is proportional to the non-ohmic current. In high electric field, current-field relation becomes irregular and transient oscillation diminishes. The bistability of the density-wave conductivity proposed by Littlewood is likely to be realized.

Recent climate change is affecting the earth system to an unprecedented extent and intensity and has the potential to cause severe ecological and socioeconomic consequences. To understand natural and anthropogenic induced processes, feedbacks, trends, and dynamics in the climate system, it is also essential to consider longer timescales. In this context, annually resolved tree-ring data are oft...

Leptospirosis is an important cause of seasonal outbreaks in New Caledonia and the tropics. Using time series derived from high-quality laboratory-based surveillance from 2000-2012, we evaluated whether climatic factors, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and meteorological conditions allow for the prediction of leptospirosis outbreaks in New Caledonia. We found that La Niña periods ...

We find that summertime air quality in the eastern U.S. displays strong dependence on North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, resulting from large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions. Using observations, reanalysis data sets, and climate model simulations, we further identify a multidecadal variability in surface air quality driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). In one-half cy...

EUROnu is a European Commission funded FP7 Design Study investigating three possible options for a future high intensity neutrino oscillation facility in Europe. These options are a CERN to Fréjus Super-Beam, a Neutrino Factory and a Beta Beam. The aims of the project are to undertake the crucial R&D on each of the accelerator facilities and determine their performance and relative cost, includ...

The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) has a significant effect on droughts, heat waves, and tropical cyclone tracks over East Asia and the northwest Pacific. The WPSH has intensified during the past three decades, but its causes are not yet well understood. Here we show that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is responsible for the long-term changes in the WPSH through the meridional s...

The phenomenon of neutrino oscillation has been firmly established: neutrinos change their flavour in their path from their source to observers. This paper is dedicated to the description of experimental results in the oscillation field, of their present understanding and of possible future developments in the experimental neutrino oscillation physics.