Carbon catalyst consisting of a hybrid structure made up of amorphous carbon and nanographite was prepared from the leaves of Pinus Roxburghii. The catalyst was prepared through sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid treatment of the dried pine leaves; and further functionalized with sulfuric acid treatment to incorporate the acidic functionalities. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by...

We propose a novel and efficient approach for extracting the boundary surfaces from heterogeneous volumetric data in one pass. Each homogeneous material component is surrounded by a boundary surface, which is composed of piecewise 2-manifold meshes. The key idea is to subdivide each cubical voxel into two tri-prism voxels and to construct the boundary surfaces in a dimension-ascending (DA) way,...

Solid modeling of objects forms an important task in design and manufacturing. Recent developments in the field of layered manufacturing (LM) have shown potential for the physical realization of heterogeneous (multi-material) objects. Thus, there is a need to represent material information as an integral part of the CAD model data. Slicing of the CAD model is an inherent part of process plannin...

Present process of transesterification faces various challenges. The most challenging is to obtain high conversion rate when using high free fatty acid (FFA) feedstock. The aim of this study is to investigate transesterification process of rubber seed oil (RSO) through direct-ultrasonic irradiation (UI) with addition of waste material based heterogeneous catalyst. The waste material based heter...

The advent of the automated technological revolution has enabled Internet Things to rejuvenate, revolutionize, and redeem services sensors. recent development microsensor devices is distributed in a real-world terrestrial environment sense various environmental changes. energy consumption remotely deployed microsystems depends on its utilization efficiency. Improper sensor nodes’ heterogeneity ...