FOR MOST LAW ENFORCEMENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICES AGENCIES, THE costs related to the purchasing, equipping, operating and maintaining of fleets is the largest single recurring cost, outside that of personnel. The cost of acquiring vehicles, the costs associated with equipping and maintaining these vehicles, and escalating fuel costs have created difficulties for many departments— including police...

the first international convention on maritime transportation is thebrussels’ convention of 1924. this convention was widely acceptedthroughout the world and; thus, lasted for a long time due to the widespreadsupport of the countries possessing fleet for this convention and the lack ofexistence of a legal document in terms of maritime transportation. thepassage of time together with innovations...

The purpose of this paper is to present a new deterministic annealing metaheuristic for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows. The objective is to service, at minimal total cost, a set of customers within their time windows by a heterogeneous capacitated vehicle fleet. First, we motivate and define the problem. We then proceed to give a mathematical formulation of the...

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is one of the most popular routing problems. In the CVRP, a fleet of capacitated vehicles located at a central depot are used to deliver products to a set of geographically dispersed customers with known demand. In this work, a new two-step approach to solve the CVRP with a heterogeneous fleet is proposed. In the first step; a balanced K-means clus...

This paper presents a multi-criteria vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (VRPSTW) to minimize fleet cost, routes cost, and violation of soft time windows penalty. In this case, the fleet is heterogeneous. The VRPSTW consists of a number of constraints in which vehicles are allowed to serve customers out of the desirable time window by a penalty. It is assumed that this relaxation aff...

In the heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem there are different types of vehicles and a given number of vehicles of each type. The resolution of this problem consists of assigning the customers to the existing vehicles and, in relation to each vehicle, defining the order of visiting each customer for the delivery or collection of goods. The objective is to minimize the total costs,...

Onshore oil fields may contain hundreds of wells that use sophisticated and complex equipments. These equipments need regular maintenance to keep the wells at maximum productivity. When the productivity of a well decreases, a specially-equipped vehicle called a workover rig must visit this well to restore its full productivity. Given a heterogeneous fleet of workover rigs and a set of wells req...

The future of US transport energy requirements and emissions is uncertain. Transport policy research has explored a number of scenarios to better understand the future characteristics of US light-duty vehicles. Deterministic scenario analysis is, however, unable to identify the impact of uncertainty on the future US vehicle fleet emissions and energy use. Variables determining the future fleet ...

The impact of a potential future fleet of supersonic aircraft on contrail coverage and contrail radiative forcing is investigated by means of simulations with the general circulation model ECHAM4.L39(DLR) including a contrail parameterization. The model simulations consider air traffic inventories of a subsonic fleet and of a combined fleet of suband supersonic aircraft for the years 2025 and 2...