background : connection between socioeconomic statuses and mental health has been reported already. accordingly, mental health asymmetrically is distributed in society; therefore, people with disadvantaged condition suffer from inconsistent burden of mental disorders. in this study, we aimed to understand the determinants of socioeconomic inequality of mental health in the female-headed househo...

background: the most fundamental way to decrease the burden of noncommunicable diseases (ncds) is to identify and control their related risk factors. the goal of this study is to determine socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for ncds using concentration index based on non-communicable disease surveillance survey (ncdss) data in kurdistan province, islamic republic of iran in 2005 and 200...

objectives the main aim of this study was to assess the road emergency sites (recs) in iran. materials and methods provincial data were used for this purpose. concentration index, concentration curve, lorenz curve, and the gini coefficient were calculated to assess the distribution of recs. results the results of this study showed that the distribution of recs was in favor of provinces with hig...

the impact of price changes (at a level of market) on the other market levels (transfer of prices) will affect welfare of producers, marketing agents as well as consumers. in this study, asymmetric tea market is investigated through an application of johansen co-integration analysis and error correction model (ecm model) to time series of 1976-2009. co integration method used in the import mark...

Purpose: The aim of this article is to explain the differences between educational expenses municipalities and cities in Poland subvention received by them from state budget, particular scale violation actual their original structure as a result aggregated decisions local authorities. Design/Methodology/Approach: concentration degree expenditure streams using Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), f...

This paper investigates bundle pricing under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, we first examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products can affect pricing. This is used to motivate multi-product generalizations of the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index (GHHI) capturing cross-market effects of imperfect competition on bundle pricing. The GHHI model is applied to pr...

In this article, we examine the market structure for real estate brokerage services across six large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) to see whether low-income neighborhoods, or neighborhoods where house prices are low, are as well served by real estate professionals as higher income or higher priced neighborhoods. We collect more than 300,000 real estate listings and compute the Herfindah...