3 that is not improved by bioaugmentation with Pseudomonas sp. ADP. ABSTRACT 1 2 AIMS: To study biological removal of the herbicide simazine in soils with different history of 3 herbicide treatment and to test bioaugmentation with a simazine degrading bacterial strain. 5 soils that had been differentially exposed to this herbicide. Simazine removal was much 6 higher in previously exposed soils ...

Glyphosate-surfactant herbicide is one of the most frequently used herbicides. Glyphosate kills plants by suppressing the shikimic metabolic pathway [1]. The mechanism of toxicity of glyphosate in mammals has been proposed to be the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation [2]. Surfactants are inert ingredients that are added to herbicides to precisely increase the absorption of the active compo...

Coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM plants is a field of rapid development and considerable controversy. In crops, it is increasingly important to understand and predict the GM volunteer emergence in subsequent non-GM crops. Theoretical models suggest recruitment from the seedbank over extended periods, but empirical evidence matching these predictions has been scarce. Here...

Common ragweed emerges early in the season in Nebraska, USA and is competitive with soybean; therefore, preplant herbicides are important for effective control. Glyphosate has been used as a preplant control option; however, confirmation of glyphosate-resistant (GR) common ragweed in Nebraska necessitates evaluating other herbicide options. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the ...

The emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds is a major threat facing modern agriculture. Over 470 weedy-plant populations have developed resistance to herbicides. Traditional evolutionary mechanisms are not always sufficient to explain the rapidity with which certain weed populations adapt in response to herbicide exposure. Stress-induced epigenetic changes, such as alterations in DNA methylatio...

Herbicide rate cutting is an example of poor use of agrochemicals that can have potential adverse implications due to rapid herbicide resistance evolution. Recent laboratory-level studies have revealed that herbicides at lower-than-recommended rates can result in rapid herbicide resistance evolution in rigid ryegrass populations. However, crop-field-level studies have until now been lacking. In...

The type of interactions among deleterious mutations is considered to be crucial in numerous areas of evolutionary biology, including the evolution of sex and recombination, the evolution of ploidy, the evolution of selfing, and the conservation of small populations. Because the herbicide resistance genes could be viewed as slightly deleterious mutations in the absence of the pesticide selectio...

A field study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 Stoneville, MS, to evaluate the influence of cytokinin products on soybean injury weed control when combined with common POST herbicide treatments. Cytokinin treatments included no mixture two formulated mixtures (kinetin-1 kinetin-2) applied at 0.000227 kg ai ha−1. Herbicide were herbicide, glyphosate 1.37 ae ha−1 alone combination S-metolachlor 1.4...

Crops made resistant to herbicides by biotechnology are being widely adopted in various parts of the world. From the genesis of commercialization in 1996 to 2011, herbicide tolerance has consistently been the dominant trait. Those containing transgenes that impart resistance to post-emergence, non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate will have the major impact. These products...