Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into 10 genotypes (A-J) according to genome sequence divergence. HBV genotypes have a distinct geographical distribution. As chronic HBV infection is endemic in the Asian region, genotypes B and C prevail there, and genotypes A and D are mainly found in the western world and Europe. Genotypes A, B, C, and D have been studied most extensively. In Europ...

CONTEXT Chronic liver disease may induce to malabsorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, leading to injury of nutritional status. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the nutritional status of pediatric-age patients with autoimmune hepatitis and biliary atresia related to serum levels of vitamins A, D and E and the disease severity. METHODS This controlled transverse study, evaluated the patients wi...

BACKGROUND The hepatitis D virus super-infection contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of hepatitis B virus infection. The objectives were to describe the incidence of Hepatitis D virus and comparative analysis of disease activity in patients of chronic hepatitis B virus, with and without super-infection of hepatitis D virus. METHODS This Cross-sectional comparative study w...

CONTEXT Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease. Cirrhosis due to hepatitis C infection is the leading indication for liver transplantation worldwide. However, patients who are given transplants because of viral liver diseases often present clinical coinfections, including hepatitis B together with hepatitis D. Currently, different strategie...

BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis with various forms of acute and chronic liver disease as potential and ultimately fatal sequelae presents a public health problem worldwide. METHODS Recent published reports on the global epidemiology and prophylaxis of viral hepatitis were reviewed. RESULTS With the advances in novel technologies, eight distinct types of hepatitis virus have been described: Hepat...

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease worldwide. The genetics of HCV infection in humans and the disease course of chronic hepatitis C are both remarkably variable. Although the response to interferon treatment is largely dependent on HCV genotypes, whether or not a relationship exists between HCV ge...

Asymptomatic hepatitis B infection is characterized as a type of hepatitis in which hepatitis B surface antigen is present in the patient's peripheral blood despite the absence of clinical symptoms. Previous studies have shown that a particular genotype may effect clinical manifestations of hepatitis B infection; hence, the aim of the current study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis B ...

To elucidate the biological importance of intrahepatic hepatitis D virus antigen, its expression was correlated with biochemical and histological inflammatory activity in 98 biopsy specimens from 68 patients seropositive for total antibody to the virus. Seventy five specimens were positive for intrahepatic nuclear antigen for HDV antigen accompanied by cytoplasmic HDV antigen in only one biopsy...

    Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV has eight genotypes (A to H) which is the reflection of its genome with their characteristic geographical distribution. Each genotype could have different pathogenic and therapeutic characteristics. There have been few records on HBV genotyping in general population from our region. This study aimed to...

This study assessed the seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii, Hepatitis B Virus and their co-infection infection in women of child-bearing age in communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study also determines the factors that facilitate the organisms among the studied groups and possible interaction between the prevalence of infection and the risk factors. These were done with a view to providi...