PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition of uncontrolled immune activation with a high mortality rate. The recommended therapeutic guideline for HLH was published by the Histiocyte Society in 1994 and revised in 2004, which greatly improved the survival in patients with HLH. However, HLH is still a refractory disease for which the search for novel treatments con...

A 34-year-old male with a history of T cell–rich B-cell lymphoma relapsed 1 year after high-dose therapy with recurrent fevers, abdominal pain, and jaundice. He was cachetic with hepatosplenomegaly and ascites. Laboratory findings showed a white blood cell count of 2.7 109/L, hemoglobin 8.7 g/dL, platelets of 21 109/L, hyperbilirubinemia, and no evidence of hemolysis including a negative Coombs...

order of the mononuclear phagocytic system, characterized by benign, generalized histiocytic proliferation, with marked hemophagocytosis in bone marrow1. Generally, HPS has been related with hematologic diseases, autoimmune diseases, or with various infections1. There are plenty of reports on hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Plasmodium falciparum monoinfetion2–9, but reports on the assoc...

INTRODUCTION We present the case of a patient with acquired hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to parainfluenza virus infection, a complication that has not, to the best of our knowledge, been previously reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old Chilean man with fever secondary to parainfluenza 2 virus infection developed progressive cholestasis, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia and an increased ...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threating immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by persistent activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system leading to uncontrolled systemic hyperinflammatory response. The proliferation and activation of histiocytes and lymphocytes lead to production of large amounts of cytokines, also called cytokine storm. Hematopoiet...