conclusions the study concluded that there were certain criteria related to development of obesity during a specific period of childhood and taking certain precautions could be effective in preventing it. results the median age was 10.3 ± 2.1; 47.6% of the children were female and 52.4% of them were male. about 70.2% of the students consumed fast food. it was identified that 67.1% of the studen...

objective: an association between poor oral health and chronic lung disease has recently been reported. the purpose of this study was to explore this potential association between asthma and periodontal disease. materials and methods: this is a descriptive case controlled study. the samples were selected from patients referred to respiratory disease clinic in a hospital in tehran, iran. the stu...

BACKGROUND The utility and cost of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) fusion remain controversial. The primary objective of this study was to compare the direct economic impact of 1- and 2-level fusion for grade I or II degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis via an MIS technique compared with conventional open posterior decompression and fusion. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was perf...

OBJECTIVE A group of 20 patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome was identified at the Indiana University School of Medicine. The major objective of this study was to explore the improvements in quality of life associated with cochlear implantation in patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, as well as the cost-utility of cochlear implantation in this group. SETTING A total o...

OBJECTIVES To compare the impact of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and of adalimumab on initial and sustained improvement in HRQL for patients with active AS versus the general US population. METHODS Data from the 5-year ATLAS trial were analysed. HRQL burden of AS and treatment impact on HRQL were assessed by comparing health status and utility scores fr...

background: to extract utility values of diabetic retinopathy on a perfect health and perfect vision scales for iranians with both types diabetes. methods: in this investigation, 150 untreated patients with diabetic retinopathy consecutively were examined and interviewed in farabi eye hospital, tehran, iran, a tertiary referral center in the iranian health care system. utility values based on p...

Expected Utility (EU) theory is a technique developed by Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944) to deal with situations of quantifiable risk. It requires preferences to exhibit two additional axioms of continuity and independence, which are somewhat controversial. Assume that states of nature can be indexed by an s = 1, ..., S, each with a probability of occurring of p1, ..., pS , which as probabil...