The Canadian innovation system is composed of four main sectors: university, hospital, government, and industry. This paper analyzes each sector’s strengths and weaknesses in terms of its scientific production. It is shown that Canadian science is increasingly produced in international collaboration and that all sectors are collaborating increasingly with each other.

This paper considers global trends in both sectors of telecommunications and broadcast as well as how the regulation of these two sectors affects processes of convergence of technologies and services. The research has been conducted over entities of various profiles such as International Telecommunications Union, European Commission, international universities, domestic industry and license hol...

In recent years, delegates to the OIE have voiced concern about the situation of many Official Veterinary Services (OVS). They emphasized the need to make these services responsive to present and future requirements of the animal industry, both in developed countries (with either market or planned economies) and in developing countries. There is broad agreement on the obsolescence of many OVS i...

Construction is one of the important industries employing a large number of people on its workforce. A wide range of activities are involved in it. Due to the advent of industrialization and recent developments, this industry is taking a pivotal role for construction of buildings, roads, bridges, and so forth. The workers engaged in this industry are victims of different occupational disorders ...

Introduction: The national trend indicates that various provinces of Iran have experienced in attaining economic growth exclusive of parallel observing a boost in CO2 emissions. It is clear that the effects of CO2 emissions on health indicators such as death rate, infant mortality, and health expenditures have been ignored by policy makers over the last decade.   Methods: This study for ...

The purpose of the paper is to properly define the economic sectors of strategic importance to the national security and to evaluate the state’s tools which protect this security. The paper’s methodology is based on two analyses; the former focusing on instruments which are applied by the state in order to control certain fields of the economy, and the latter investigating economic sectors in t...

BACKGROUND The Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) provides a basis for nation states to limit the political effects of tobacco industry philanthropy, yet progress in this area is limited. This paper aims to integrate the findings of previous studies on tobacco industry philanthropy with a new analysis of British American Tobacco's (BAT) record of charitable giving to develop a gener...

Although many studies of electricity generation use national or state average generation mix assumptions, in reality a great deal of electricity is transferred between states with very different mixes of fossil and renewable fuels, and using the average numbers could result in incorrect conclusions in these studies. We create electricity consumption profiles for each state and for key industry ...

this paper estimates the effects of increase in iran’s non-oil exports on its economic growth as well as sectoral outputs, using a single country, comparative static, exogenous policy computable general equilibrium (cge) model. the paper also investigates the share of tradable sectors in reaching to the targeted growth rate (8%) in 5th socio-economic development plan. for this purpose, the para...