4. OUTBREAK DETECTION 4.1. Type of surveillance  Passive or Active Surveillance  Comprehensive or Sentinel Surveillance  Syndromic or Laboratory-Based Surveillance  Indicator-Based or Event-Based Surveillance  Entomological Surveillance  Monitoring of Environmental and Social Risks 4.2. Surveillance procedures  Case-definition  Notification procedures 4.3. Type of signal  Alert signal ...

BACKGROUND This study analyzed several political determinants of increased private-sector management in Brazilian health care. In Brazil, the poor depend almost exclusively on the public Unified Health System (the SUS), which remains severely underfunded. Given the overhead costs associated with privately contracted health services, increased private management is one driver of higher expenditu...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of Kenya's Emergency Hiring Plan for nurses on their inequitable distribution in rural and underserved areas. METHODS We used data from the Kenya Health Workforce Informatics System on the nursing workforce to determine the effect of the Emergency Hiring Plan on nurse shortages and maldistribution. The total number of nurses, the number of nurses per 100,000 po...

H ealth insurance premiums rise with the generosity of the benefit package. Both public and private sector policymakers are interested in making less-costly health insurance available by offering a bare-bones benefit package.This analysis develops several alternative insurance policies that would cost 30 percent less than a current basic benefit plan and examines the implications of these polic...

background: agility means ability to respond and react quickly and successfully to environmental changes. agility is an important factor for hospital effectiveness. agility in a hospital indicates the hospital's responsiveness when faced with internal and external changes. if hospitals are designed to be agile, they should have the ability to compete with other hospitals and provide appropriate...

If all goes to plan, a new independent medical school, the Hunter School of Medicine, will open within a year within a quarter of a mile of BMA House in London. The time seems ripe. Firstly, the private medical sector has been expanding rapidly over the past few years, and its expansion has been accompanied by ever louder and more justified accusations that it robs the National Health Service o...

The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 established that health is “a duty of the State” and “a right of the citizen”. According to the law, every citizen is entitled to use the Brazilian Unified National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS), in line with their social needs, regardless of their ability to pay, occupational status or health conditions. To ensure universal care, the St...

Protection from care–related catastrophic expenditures through equitable access to affordable health services is the hallmark of a pro–poor health policy [1]. Over the past two decades, the Government of Ethiopia has implemented policies with a clear intent of reducing poverty and improving the daily lives of its citizens, especially the poor [2]. Guided by these cross cutting pro– poor governm...

Cancer is a public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality, its high social and economic cost, and the lack of intra and intersectorial strategies resulting in failure to access information and screening tests. For this reason, it is necessary to address this problem with a comprehensive and sustainable approach. After performing a diagnosis of the human and material resources at...

The authors describe the implementation of a depression care management (DCM) program at Colorado Access, a public sector health plan, and describe the program's clinical and system outcomes for members with chronic medical conditions. High medical risk, high cost Medicaid health plan members were identified and systematically screened for depression. A total of 370 members enrolled in the DCM ...