regarding the undeniable role of women in the process of rural development on the one hand and their inappropriate situation in terms of the most indices of rural development on the other hands, rural women’s empowerment is essential. meanwhile, many researchers and scholars believe that social capital and its components play a key role. thus, the main purpose of this descriptive- correlative r...

BACKGROUND Maternal mortality ratio in Pakistan remains high at 276 per 100000 live births (175 in the urban areas and 319 in rural) with a mother dying as a result of giving birth every 20 minutes. Despite the intervening years since the Safe Motherhood Initiative launch and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), there have been few improvements in MDGs 4 and 5 in Pakistan. A key underlying ...

for a long time, the concept of sustainability and unsustainability, the ways to assess them, and the factors involved in the process of various areas of scienc, especially the environmental ones. sustainability in rural areas as human settlements depends heavily on a series of factors including environmental and socio-economic factors. this paper aims at introducing fuzzy set theory and the ex...

• Tertiary level: ophthalmologists (there are about 40 in the country) and ophthalmic nurses (there are two), working at national and regional referral hospitals. • Secondary/district level: ophthalmic clinical officers (OCOs). There are over 200 in the country. • Primary level: nurses, midwives and other health workers who are trained in eye care and who work at health centres; they are known ...

BACKGROUND The delays in receiving adequate emergency maternal care described by Thaddeus and Maine twenty years ago are still occurring, as exemplified in this study of cases of maternal deaths in a subdistrict in rural eastern Indonesia. METHODS An ethnographic design was conducted, recruiting eleven families who reported on cases of maternal deaths in one sub-district of Indonesia, as well...

BACKGROUND Multiple interventions have been launched to improve the quality, access, and utilization of primary health care in rural, low-income settings; however, the success of these interventions varies substantially, even within single studies where the measured impact of interventions differs across sites, centers, and regions. Accordingly, we sought to examine the variation in impact of a...