The growing trend of rural waste generated in the country requires careful considerations about rural waste management and emphasizes its role in preserving the environment. Due to the large number of villages and small amount of the rural waste, collecting rural waste needs spatial planning so that it could cover a vaster area through economic and shared use of equipments. The main goal of the...

BACKGROUND Implementing an accredited quality and patient safety management system is inevitable for hospitals. Even in the case of an obligatory rule system, different approaches to implement such a system can be used: coercive (based on monitoring and threats of punishment) and catalytic (based on dialogue and suggestion). This study takes these different approaches as a starting point to exp...

Despite increased attention to internal controls and risk assessment, traditional audit approaches do not seem to be highly effective in uncovering the majority of frauds. Less than 20 percent of all occupational frauds are uncovered by auditors. Forensic accounting has recognized the need for automated approaches to fraud analysis yet research has not examined the benefits of forensic continuo...

BACKGROUND The increase in disease burden has continued to weigh upon health systems in Africa. The role of the laboratory has become increasingly critical in the improvement of health for diagnosis, management and treatment of diseases. In response, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa (WHO AFRO) and its partners created the WHO AFRO Stepwise Laboratory (Quality) Improvemen...

background and objectives: data on patient complains can be used as a feedback to improve the quality of healthcare services. the aim of this study was to develop an indicator for reliable retrieval of statistical data on patient complaints.   methods: a triangulated study was conducted. a comprehensive literature review was done to identifying the relevant major themes. two-rounds of delphi se...

2 1 1 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 concrete content 1 1 1 1 3 5 5 5 4 4 packing input for development 1 1 1 1 3 4 5 5 4 4 output of development descriptive / static 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 4 4 use / time dimension app. functionality 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 5 system administration design 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 5 5 5 deployment conceptual 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 4 5 5 concrete/instance high level 5 3 1 1 2 5 3 4 4 4 detailed absolute 1 1 1 1 3...