Fluent reading comprehension was explored in a series of experiments involving sentences presented in normal and inverted typography. Sentences read in a test phase had been read earlier in exactly the same form, or in versions that were created by (a) altering the word order within sentences to create randomly ordered word strings or (b) exchanging causally related clauses to form new meaningf...

The probability-distributed principle in basin-scale hydrology considers the frequency of occurrence of hydrological variables (model inputs, parameters or elements) of certain magnitudes over the basin without regard to the location of a particular occurrence within the basin. The random assemblage of different parts is considered more important than the relation of the parts, one to another. ...

Quantitative and qualitative loss of tropical forests prompted international policy agendas to slow down forest loss through reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)+, ensuring carbon offset payments to developing countries. So far, many African countries lack reliable forest carbon data and monitoring systems as required by REDD+. In this study, we estimate the carbo...

This CCR Focus section examines lessons learned in drug development, focusing on specific examples of agents or targets that have hit roadblocks during development. In some cases, the hurdles have been surmounted; others are still a work in progress. Much has been written about the need to increase the success rate of drugs transitioning from phase II to phase III trials; about half of the drug...

Four experiments were carried out to determine the detectability of dotted linestimulus patterns embedded in backgrounds of randomly dotted visual noise. The resultsindicate that straight lines are more easily detected than curves or angles. This finding holdsrobustly even though interdot spacings (local geometry) are held constant in each experiment.The global organization of t...

We consider coalition formation among players in an n-player finite strategic game over infinite horizon. At each time a randomly formed coalition makes a joint deviation from a current action profile such that at new action profile all players from the coalition are strictly benefited. Such deviations define a coalitional better-response (CBR) dynamics that is in general stochastic. The CBR dy...

− The history of modelling plankton dynamics is already quite long and has been initiated by fishery science in the early 20th century. The main aim of modelling population dynamics is to improve the understanding of the functioning of food chains and webs and their dependence on internal and external conditions. Hence, mathematical models of biological population dynamics have not only to acco...

Truly man is a marvelously vain, diverse, and undulating object. It is hard to found any constant and uniform judgment on him. Michel de Montaigne, Les Essais, Book I, Chapter 1: “By diverse means we arrive at the same end”; in The Complete Essays of Montaigne, Donald M. Frame transl., Stanford University Press (1958). Pour distinguer les choses les plus simples de celles qui sont compliquées e...

Dans le but de contribuer façon durable à la sécurité alimentaire des ménages, cinq (05) grandes familles pratiques agro-écologiques (Gestion Intégrée l’Agriculture et l’Elevage (GIAE), Gestion Fertilité Sols (GIFS), Agro-Foresterie (AF), Conservation Eaux du Sol (CES), Agriculture (AC)) ont été introduites, depuis les années 90, dans zones cotonnières au Bénin. Trente ans après leur introducti...