Many studies have examined the impact of factors affecting accident severity in rural areas; however, little attention has been paid to different lighting conditions (LCs), and less detailed categories precise determining twilight. In this paper, solar altitude angle (SAA), as a basis for differentiating categorizing LCs, is proposed investigate explanatory variables much greater detail. For ea...

Getting more pumped It is thought that the ocean's biological carbon pump, process transfers organic matter from surface to deep ocean, should be sensitive climate change because temperature controls photosynthesis and respiration rates. Boscolo-Galazzo et al. show efficiency of pump increased over past 15 million years as oceans cooled a reduction in rate breakdown sinking (see Perspective by ...

The ocean’s vast twilight, or mesopelagic, zone (200–1,000 m depth) harbors immense biomass consisting of myriad poorly known and unique animal species whose quantity diversity are likely considerably underestimated. As they facilitate the movement carbon from surface waters to deep sea through feeding migratory behaviors, ocean twilight (OTZ) animals vital regulating Earth’s climate (Ducklow e...