The transition from the industrial age to the information age has happened and is still happening in our society (Duffy, 2009). However, our current educational systems still operate based on the needs of the industrial-age society (Watson, Watson, & Reigeluth, n.d), making them among the least impacted organizations (Reigeluth & Joseph, 2002). This misalignment between schools and society take...

According to Berlyne (1971), preference for stimuli is related to their complexity or unpredictability. Although this claim has been supported by a large number of studies in the field of music (reviews by Finnäs, 1989; and Fung, 1995; North & Hargreaves, 1995), adequate objective ways of measuring the originality or complexity of music are in short supply. The existing objective measurements, ...

This appendix explains the procedure for developing the pdf for climate sensitivity. The study began by reviewing the five probability density functions for equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) used in the IPCC AR5 that draw upon multiple lines of evidence. These are Aldrin et al. (2012), Libardoni and Forest (2013), Olsen et al. (2012), Annan and Hargreaves (2006), and Hegerl et al. (2006). T...

Fluoridated toothpastes were designed to produce a topical caries-preventive effect. Many studies have shown their effectiveness. Recently, researchers have expressed concern that fluorosis may be increasing in the American population. There is speculation that fluoride (F) from fluoridated toothpastes might be a contributing factor when the toothpaste is accidentally swallowed by small childre...

So far, various methods have been presented for determining reference crop evapotranspiration in different parts of the world. The most popular and prestigious of them are probably the combined methods of Penman family, modified Blany-Criddle, Hargreaves - Samani and thornthwaite. Due to lack of lysimeter data in many parts of Iran, presenting an equation according to the regional condition wit...

abstract in order to estimate the reference evapotranspiration different equation is used. validity of each methods depends upon the climate and the parameters which are used in these equations. therefore it is necessary to calibrate these methods for any specific area and for any desired frequency. in this study common temperature and radiation based methods were used for calculating crop evap...