Hepatitis E virus is a leading cause of acute and chronic liver failure, and pigs are considered natural reservoir host of zoonotic genotypes 3 and 4. The zoonotic risk of HEV among occupationally exposed individuals is a public health concern especially in developing countries. This paper describes evidence and risks associated with HEV in an intensive pig farm estate in Lagos Nigeria. In a cr...

Blastocystis isolates from 56 Danish synanthropic and zoo animals, 62 primates primarily from United Kingdom (UK) collections and 16 UK primate handlers were subtyped by PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A new subtype (ST) from primates and artiodactyls was identified and designated as Blastocystis sp. ST10. STs isolated from non-human primates (n=70) included ST3 (33%), ST8 (21%), ST2...

BACKGROUND Based on genotyping study of human isolates of Giardia lamblia; humans are mainly infected by two assemblages A and B. The present study was carried out to determine the sub-assemblages of G. lamblia isolated from food handlers referred to Kashan health centers, central Iran, 2015. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 3653 stool samples collected from food-handlers that annually ...

To be able to benefit from the low latencies offered by recent user-level communication architectures, messageprocessing overhead must be minimized. This requirement has resulted in the development of messagehandling models that trade expressiveness for performance. We describe three models of increasing expressiveness. The least expressive model, the active messages model, disallows all blocki...

BACKGROUND Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), an acute viral infection, is a zoonotic disease which is transmitted to humans by infected ticks, direct contact with fresh meat or blood of infected animals (usually domestic livestock), or direct contact with the blood or secretions of an infected person. Livestock handlers, skin processors, veterinary staff, livestock market workers, and oth...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Pathogenic organisms are thought to be widely distributed among food handlers. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of carriers of some pathogenic bacteria and intestinal parasites among food handlers in the city of Omdurman, Sudan. METHODS A total of 518 nasal swabs and stool specimens were collected. Nasal swabs were cultured on bacteriological culture media. ...

We present a complete polymorphic effect inference algorithm for an ML-style language with handlers of not only exceptions, but of any other algebraic effect such as input & output, mutable references and many others. Our main aim is to offer the programmer a useful insight into the effectful behaviour of programs. Handlers help here by cutting down possible effects and the resulting lengthy ou...

Testing application behavior in the presence of I/O failures is extremely difficult. The resources used for testing usually work without failure. Failures typically cannot be initiated on the test suite level and are usually not tested sufficiently. Essentially, each interaction of the application with the environment can result in a failure. The Enforcer tool identifies such potential failures...

The nondiscrimination clause of the Affordable Care Act, known as Section 1557, formally expanded patients' civil rights in nearly every healthcare setting United States 2010. Regulations required organizations to name a person handle grievances and set up an internal grievance process for resolving them. Drawing on interviews with 58 handlers, this study examines how respond discrimination com...