Sediment samples collected at 33 stations in Tokyo Bay during the autumn of 1999 were examined to determine the distribution and abundance of resting cysts of Alexandrium tamarense and/or A. catenella. Extremely low concentrations of cysts were observed in Tokyo Bay compared with previously investigated sites in the Seto Inland Sea and Lake Hamana which have almost the same marine environmental...

Brain ischemia provoked by stroke or traumatic brain injury induces a massive increase in neurotransmitter release, in particular of the excitotoxin glutamate. Glutamate triggers a cascade of events finally leading to widespread neuronal cell damage and death. The aminomethylchroman derivative BAY x 3702 is a novel neuroprotectant which shows pronounced beneficial effects in various animal mode...

The nature of emerging patterns concerning water quality stressors and the evolution of hypoxia within sub-estuaries of the Chesapeake Bay has been an important unresolved question among the Chesapeake Bay community. Elucidation of the nature of hypoxia in the tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay has important ramifications to the successful restoration of the Bay, since much of Bay states populat...

Thermal effluent from a large coal-fired electric generating facility located on Mt. Hope Bay in the Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, U.S.A.) has been implicated in a large decline in fish populations in this region. Detailed information on the spatial and temporal properties of this thermal input (approximately 5 million m day 1 of thermal effluent 7 C above ambient) is, however, lacking. In th...

[1] A model of the salt balance in the Chesapeake Bay is discussed, which takes into account only time-dependent riverine input and mean ocean-bay exchange. Estimates of (spatial) mean bay salinity are made using two different data sources: a 16 year record of surveys taken by the Environmental Protection Agency’s Chesapeake Bay Program, and a 10 year record of hydrographic sections taken in th...

Dirca occidentalis is a rare shrub indigenous to only six counties near the San Francisco Bay in California, United States. We used intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and automated genotyping to probe 29 colonies of D. occidentalis from four geographically disjunct populations (East Bay, North Bay, Salmon Creek, and Peninsula) and used methods of phylogenetics and population genetics to...

Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) is unique in its ability to maintain an intrinsic level of contractile force, known as tone. Vascular tone is believed to arise from the constitutive activity of membrane-bound L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC). This study used a pharmacological agonist of LTCC, Bay K8644, to elicit a sustained, sub-maximal contraction in VSM that mimics tone. Downstream signaling was inv...

Eutrophication of estuaries is an increasing global concern that requires development of new tools to identify causes, quantify conditions, and propose management options that address this environmental problem. Since eutrophication is often associated with increased inputs of land-derived nitrogen to estuaries, we developed NLOAD, a user-friendly, web-based tool that brings together six differ...

Time-kill kinetics of BAY 12-8039 were studied at two inocula against three strains each of Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The postantibiotic effects of BAY 12-8039 were studied on three strains each of E. coli, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The pharmacodynamic d...

In 1937/38 representative mollusc collections were made in Jakarta Bay (West Java, Indonesia). New data from here and the adjacent offshore Thousand Islands archipelago (Kepulauan Seribu) became available in 2005. Although collecting efforts and sampling methods differed, a comparison of the molluscan fauna of Jakarta Bay between 1937/38 and 2005 reveals a distinct deterioration. From 1937 to 2...