An effective plant alkaloid chemical defense requires a variety of transport processes, but few alkaloid transporters have been characterized at the molecular level. Previously, a gene fragment encoding a putative plasma membrane proton symporter was isolated, because it was coordinately regulated with several nicotine biosynthetic genes. Here, we show that this gene fragment corresponds to a N...

An improved Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal was developed using the bacterial strain R1000 with leaf segment explants of in vitro raised plantlets. Out of the three strains used (R1000, MTCC 2364 and MTCC 532), the strain R1000 proved to be more efficient than others. Among the different conditions tested, the highest (93.3 %) transforma...

HIGHLIGHTS ½ MS medium containing 2.5% sucrose as the best for successful transformation and biomass production. The maximum accumulation of monoterpenes in hairy root cultures treated with 100 µM MeJA. enhanced biosynthesis sesquiterpenes elicited mg L-1 chitosan.

Hairy root culture is a promising approach to improve production of plant secondary metabolites. The genes, which are located in T-DNA root-inducing plasmid, regulate auxin sensitivity hairy roots. Therefore, this study was aimed the growth and rosmarinic acid Lavandula angustifolia Lateral branches roots were transferred ½ MS B5 liquid media. To assess sensitivity, indole-3-acetic (IAA) indole...

This study aimed to elucidate the chemical response of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) interspecific competition by rye (Secale cereale L.). Hairy plants were grown as target in a mixture with different densities (0, 1, 2, and 4). Twelve flavonoids shoot, root, root exudate quantified high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Kaempferol 3-O-{β-D-rhamnosyl-(1...

The aim of the study was to obtain transformed roots of Rhaponticum carthamoides and evaluate their phytochemical profile. Hairy roots were induced from leaf explants by the transformation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains A4 and ATCC 15834. The best response (43%) was achieved by infection with A4 strain. The effects of different liquid media (WPM, B5, SH) with full and half-strength concent...

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI) catalyzes the isomerization between the common terpene precursor substances isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) during the terpenoid biosynthesis process. In this study, tissue expression analysis revealed that the expression level of the Salvia miltiorrhiza IPI1 gene (SmIPI1) was higher in the leaves than in the roots and ...

Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to a group of monoterpenoidindole alkaloids (TIAs) and its derivatives such as irinothecan and topothecan have been widely used worldwide for the treatment of cancer, giving rise to rapidly increasing market demands. Genes from Catharanthus roseus encoding strictosidine synthase (STR) and geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H), were separately and simultaneously introduced in...

In order to initiate hairy root culture initiation cotyledons and hypocotyls of Calendula officinalis L. were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 or the same strain containing pCAMBIA 1381Z vector with β-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of promoter of NIK (Nematode Induced Kinase) gene. The efficiency of induction of hairy roots reached 33.8% for cotyledons and 66....

BACKGROUND Plants within the Orobanchaceae are an agriculturally important group of parasites that attack economically important crops to obtain water and nutrients from their hosts. Despite their agricultural importance, molecular mechanisms of the parasitism are poorly understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We developed transient and stable transformation systems for Phtheirospermum jap...