SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers in northern Ghana. DESIGN A two-year cross-sectional entomological study was carried out in four communities in the northern part of Ghana. Standard WHO methods were used to collect adult and larvae of Aedes mosquitoes to estimate man-vector contact rates and larval indices. RESULTS A total of 2804 households...

BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated renal function and the impact of renal function on in-hospital outcomes in patients with ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. METHODS We collected data from 766 patients with stroke; 637 (83.2 %) with ischaemic and 129 with haemorrhagic one. RESULTS The mean serum creatinine on admission in patients with both types of stroke, who died, was significantly higher tha...

Ebola viruses are the causative agents of a severe form of viral haemorrhagic fever in man, designated Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and are endemic in regions of central Africa. The exception is the species Reston Ebola virus, which has not been associated with human disease and is found in the Philippines. Ebola virus constitutes an important local public health threat in Africa, with a worldwide...

OBJECTIVE To review the management and some of the recent advances in acute haemorrhagic stroke. DATA SOURCES Articles and published reviews on acute haemorrhagic stroke. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage or subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) from a ruptured intracranial saccular aneurysm are the commonest causes for an acute haemorrhagic stroke. Both lesions are often cl...

Background: One of the most devastating diseases, stroke, is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with severe emotional and economic consequences. The purpose of this article is mainly to report the effect of intraventricular transplantation via an Ommaya reservoir using autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in haemorrhagic stroke patients. Case Presentations: Two...

For the whole of the 20th century it was believed that the Black Death and all the plagues of Europe (1347–1670) were epidemics of bubonic plague. This review presents evidence that this view is incorrect and that the disease was a viral haemorrhagic fever, characterised by a long incubation period of 32 days, which allowed it to be spread widely even with the limited transport of the Middle Ag...

BACKGROUND The inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) is well established. Questions remain about the association between HDL cholesterol and stroke, particularly for stroke subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cox survival models were applied to individual participant data from 25 cohort studies (about 80 000 subjects), with a median...

INTRODUCTION Early alterations in tissue oxygenation may worsen patient outcome following traumatic haemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that muscle oxygenation measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on admission could be associated with subsequent change in the SOFA score after resuscitation. METHODS The study was conducted in two Level I trauma centres and included 54 consecutive t...

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly contagious and acute fatal disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), caused by a calicivirus (genus Lagovirus). A similar disease, [caused by a different calicivirus and] termed European brown hare syndrome (EBHS), has been described in the hare (Lepus europaeus). Its aetiological agent is a different species of lagovirus [calicivirus]...