T he gut microbiota is relevant to many diseases due to its direct impact on the development and maintenance of the immune system. Moreover, both the gut microbiota and the immune system are intimately related to many other physiological processes such as metabolism and behavior, as well as the digestive, respiratory and nervous systems. The amount of information gained in the last 5 years sign...

The gastrointestinal mucosa is an extremely soft, highly vascularised tissue, with a single layer of epithelium separating the gut lumen from the host. Epithelial cells adhere to a thin basement membrane that is produced by both epithelial cells and the underlying stromal cells. Signals passing between epithelial cells and stromal cells are needed for normal gut structure. In gut diseases, howe...

I N RECENT YEARS, there has been much progress in the study of body water and its sub-divisions, and yet, little attention has been given to fluid within the lumen of the gut and its possible significance in body water measurements. The very facts that, a) flow of water across the gut-wall is bi-directional (I), b) that labeled water placed within the gut rapidly reaches equilibrium with other ...

The swine gut microbiota encompasses a large and diverse population of bacteria that play a significant role in pig health. As such, a number of recent studies have utilized high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the composition and structure of the swine gut microbiota, often in response to dietary feed additives. It is important to determine which factors shape the co...

The mammalian gut microbiome plays a profound role in the physiology, metabolism, and overall health of its host. However, biologists have only a nascent understanding of the forces that drive inter-individual heterogeneity in gut microbial composition, especially the role of host social environment. Here we used 178 samples from 78 wild yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in two social ...

Animals are not only regulated by their own genes but also influenced symbiotic bacteria, most of which colonized in the gut. The gut bacterial community is involved plenty physiological processes; therefore, intestinal colonization commensal microbiota essential to health host animal. Here, metagenome sequencing A. japonicus gut, surrounding water, and feed was performed explore structural fun...

The global prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities has increased considerably over the past decades. In addition to an increase in food consumption and a reduction in physical activity, growing evidence implicates the microorganisms in our gastrointestinal tract, referred to as the gut microbiota, in obesity and related metabolic disturbances. The composition of the gut microbiota can f...

Caenorhabditis elegans gut granules are lysosome-related organelles with birefringent contents. mrp-4, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter homologous to mammalian multidrug resistance proteins, functions in the formation of gut granule birefringence. mrp-4(-) embryos show a delayed appearance of birefringent material in the gut granule but otherwise appear to form gut granul...

BACKGROUND The gut microbiome influences myriad host functions, including nutrient acquisition, immune modulation, brain development, and behavior. Although human gut microbiota are recognized to change as we age, information regarding the structure and function of the gut microbiome during childhood is limited. Using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the struct...

Gut microbiota play key roles in host nutrition and metabolism. However, little is known about the relationship between host genetics, gut microbiota and metabolic profiles. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches to characterize the microbiota composition and the metabolite profiles in the gut of five cyprinid fish species with three differe...