BACKGROUND Over the years, a plethora of frailty assessment tools has been developed. These instruments can be basically grouped into two types of conceptualizations - unidimensional, based on the physical-biological dimension - and multidimensional, based on the connections among the physical, psychological, and social domains. At present, studies on the comparison between uni- and multidimens...

Biodiversity informatics (BDI) information is both highly localized and highly distributed. The temporal and spatial contexts of data collection events are generally of primary importance in BDI studies, and most studies are focused around specific localities. At the same time, data are collected by many groups working independently, but often at the same sites, leading to a distribution of dat...

This Online Appendix contains three sections of supporting materials to our paper “Investor Inattention and the Market Impact of Summary Statistics.” First, we provide details on the construction methodology of our instrument of stale macroeconomic information, the U.S. Index of Leading Economic Indicators (LEI). Second, we provide the theoretical details and derivations of our stylized model o...

Wayfinding is of vital importance if visually impaired pedestrians are to walk by themselves from one place to another, since they must calculate both their orientation and position. Here, a new haptic direction indicator is proposed, which will help blind pedestrians to avoid hazardous areas intuitively and safely by means of haptic navigation. A novel translational force perception method, ca...

adi it ion ally, zero crossings of the second derivative provide edge features for the classification of blurred waveforms. The accuracy of these edge features deteriorates in the case of severely blurred images. In this paper, a new feature is presented that is more resistant to the blurring process, the image, and waveform peaks. In addition, an estimate of the standard deviation of the blurr...

This document specifies a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4 and DHCPv6) option containing the civic location of the client or the DHCP server. The Location Configuration Information (LCI) includes information about the country, administrative units such as states, provinces, and cities, as well as street addresses, postal community names, and building information. The option allows mu...

adi it ion ally, the problems of Byzantine agreement, concensus, and interactive consistency are studied in a fully connected network with processors in malicious failure only. Such problems are re-examined with the assumption of malicious faults on both processors and links. The proposed protocols use the minimum number of message exchanges and can tolerate the maximum number of allowable faul...

Dissociated neurons were cultured on lines of various lengths covered with adhesive material to obtain an experimental model system of linear signal transmission. The neuronal connectivity in the linear culture is characterized, and it is demonstrated that local spiking activity is relayed by synaptic transmission along the line of neurons to develop into a large-scale population burst. Formall...

Coverage rates of vegetation and exposed bedrock are two key indicators of karst rocky desertification. In this study, the abundances of vegetation and exposed rock were retrieved from a hyperspectral Hyperion image using linear spectral unmixing method. The results were verified using the spectral indices of karst rocky desertification (KRDSI) and an integrated LAI spectral index: modified chl...

Since 1967 there has again been great interest in chess programming. This paper demonstrates that the s t r u c t u r e of today's most successful programs cannot be ex tended to play Master level chess. Certain basic requ i rements of a Master player's performance are s h o w n to be outside the performance limits to which a p rog ram of this t ype could be extended. The paper also examines a ...