Although Cenozoic protoceratid artiodactyls are known from throughout North America, species referred to the Miocene protoceratine Paratoceras are restricted to subtropical areas of the Gulf Coast and southern Mexico and tropical areas of Panama. Newly discovered fossils from the late Arikareean Lirio Norte Local Fauna, Panama Canal basin, include partial dentitions of a protoceratid remarkably...

...................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 A LOOK AT THE AIR EXPEDITIONAR...

In recent years, the production of oil and gas has been developed in deep water depths which exceed 500m. Deep water developments are being followed strongly in different parts of the world (Caspian Sea, Gulf of Mexico, etc.). The movement of floater causes severe stress at the touchdown point (TDP) in steel catenary risers (SCR). The main objective of this study was to simulate the exact behav...

The oilfield water in the Upper Sandstone Member of the Zubair reservoir (Barriemian-Hauterivian) at Rumaila North Oil Field was investigated for the interpretation of salinity and geochemical evolution of brine compositions. The interaction of the oilfield water with reservoir rock resulted in a brine water derived from the marine water origin of partial mixing with meteoric water similar to t...

Have the warm tropical waters and currents of the southern Gulf of California, Mexico (also known as the Sea of Cortez), formed a barrier to gene flow, resulting in disjunct populations in the upper gulf that are isolated from the outer Pacific Coast? Phylogeographic and genetic divergences of the spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, from three Gulf of California and two outer Pacif...

BACKGROUND The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill took place over 180,000 square kilometers during a 12-week period over five years ago; however, this event continues to influence the development and distribution of organisms in and around the region of the disaster. Here we examine fish species that may have been most affected by noting their past distribution in the region of the spill and examini...

[1] Hurricanes mix and cool the upper ocean, as shown here in observations and modeling of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico during the passage of hurricane Wilma. Curiously, the upper ocean around the Loop Current warmed prior to Wilma’s entrance into the Gulf. The major cause was increased volume and heat transports through the Yucatan Channel produced by storm-induced convergences in ...

We examined the diet and trophic level of Sphyrna lewini in the Gulf of California (GC) during 2001 and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GT) during 2005 using data from stomach content and stable isotope analysis of δ15N and δ13C. S. lewini diet was represented by pelagic and benthic prey species where the most important in weight was Scomber japonicus (27.70±4.54%) in GC, while in GT it was Auxis s...

We examined the diet and trophic level of Sphyrna lewini in the Gulf of California (GC) during 2001 and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GT) during 2005 using data from stomach content and stable isotope analysis of δ15N and δ13C. S. lewini diet was represented by pelagic and benthic prey species where the most important in weight was Scomber japonicus (27.70±4.54%) in GC, while in GT it was Auxis s...