Long Term Evolution (LTE), is a standard for radio communications of highspeed data transmission for mobile phones and data business [1]. It is based on the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)/ Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)/ High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using ...

Due to increase of data browsing and downloading using 3G enabled mobile handset, it is often required handover mechanism from Universal Mobile Tele-communication System (UMTS) to UMTS, Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Global system for Mobile Communications (GSM) while the handset is continuously transmitting and receiving data from the connected Node-B in a high speed motion. In UMTS, the handhel...

A fter discussing advances in wired networking in a previous column (" Recent Advances in Wired Networking, " Computer , April 2000, pp. 107-109), I now turn to advances in wireless networking. Wireless networks can include everything from cellular, personal communications system (PCS), and Group System for Mobile communications (GSM) networks to wireless LANs, satellite-based networks, and fix...

With the number of cellular phone users rapidly increasing, there is a considerable amount of public concern regarding the effects that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from cellular phones have on health. People with self-attributed electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) complain of subjective symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, and memory loss, and attribute these symptoms to radio frequency (...

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background: whether exposure to common electromagnetic fields affects human health adversely has been a controversial issue. the main goal of this study was to assess the role of 900 mhz microwave radiations with different specific absorption rates (sars), emitted from some widely used cell phones, on the induction of adaptive response in male balb/c mice after receiving a lethal dose of gamma ...

The widespread use of wireless cellular networks has made security an ever increasing concern. GSM is the most popular wireless cellular standard, but security is an issue. The most critical weakness in the GSM protocol is the use of one-way entity authentication, i.e., only the mobile station is authenticated by the network. This creates many security problems including vulnerability against m...

background health care worker's (hcw) mobile phones are one of the most important vehicles which transfer nosocomial infection agents. the aim of this study was identification of bacteria existing on hcw's mobile phones in three jundishapur university teaching hospitals in ahvaz. it was in two groups: clinical and administrative staff. material and methods samples were collected from 170 hcw's ...

Background: Nowadays, mothers are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields before and even during pregnancy.  It has recently been shown that exposure to mobile phone radiation during pregnancy may lead to adverse effects on the brain development in offspring and cause hyperactivity. Researchers have shown that behavioral problems in laboratory animals which have a s...