Specific regions of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain are burdened with extracellular protein deposits, the accumulation of which is concomitant with a complex cascade of overlapping events. Many of these pathological processes produce oxidative stress. Under normal conditions, oxidative stress leads to the activation of defensive gene expression that promotes cell survival. At the forefront o...

Oxidative stress impacts normal cellular function leading to the pathogenesis of various diseases including pulmonary illnesses. Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) is critical for normal lung alveolar epithelial cell development; however, the regulation of PRMT4 within such pulmonary diseases has yet to be elucidated. Using biochemical approaches, we uncovered that peroxide (H2O2) tre...

BACKGROUND Overdose propofol treatment with a prolong time causes injury to multiple cell types; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is proapoptotic under death stimuli. The authors therefore hypothesize that propofol overdose induces macrophage apoptosis through GSK-3β. METHODS Phagocytic analysis by uptake of Staphylococcus aureu...

Purpose: To determine the effect of dexmedetomidine on sepsis-mediated acute kidney injury (SAKI) in rats.
 Methods: Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into blank untreated control group, model group given lipopolysaccharide at a dose 10 mg/kg, (Dex) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) inhibitor sb216763. In addition, Dex groups received same as group. There each Pathologic...

Here we examine the roles of two isoforms of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), GSK-3α and GSK-3β, in skeletal development. Both isoforms were unphosphorylated and active in chondrocyte differentiation stages during SOX9 and type II collagen (COL2A1) expression. Although knock-out of both alleles of Gsk3a (Gsk3a(-/-)) or a single allele of Gsk3b (Gsk3b(+/-)) in mice did not significantly affec...

PURPOSE Loss of integrity of either the inner or outer mitochondrial membrane results in the dissipation of the mitochondrial electrochemical gradient that leads to mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mMPT). This study emphasizes the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, thus preventing mitochondrial depolarization (hereafte...

Axon formation is critical for the establishment of connections between neurons, which is a prerequisite for the development of neural circuitry. Kinases such as cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), have been implicated to regulate axon outgrowth. Nonetheless, the in vivo roles of these kinases in axon development and the underlying signaling mechanisms rem...

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target for multiple human cancers. In addition, oxidative stress is closely related to all aspects of cancer. We sought to determine the biological function of lithium, one kind of GSK-3β inhibitors, in the process of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in colorectal cancer...

Protein kinase C (PKC) family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. However, the role of PKC in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling has remained elusive. We now demonstrate that PKCβ acts as a positive regulator which inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and promotes NFATc1 induct...

Asiatic acid (AA) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-diabetic activity. However, the mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. The present study was performed to confirm the protective effect of AA and demonstrate its ability to regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK‑3β) signaling pathway in db/db ...