Conflict between groups (intergroup conflict) is common in many social species and is widely discussed as an evolutionary driver of within-group dynamics and social structure. However, empirical studies investigating the impacts of intergroup conflict have focused on the immediate aftermath, when behavioral changes may be the direct result of elevated stress levels or territorial exclusions. De...

In typical sexual conflict scenarios, males best equipped to exploit females are favored locally over more prudent males, despite reducing female fitness. However, local advantage is not the only relevant form of selection. In multigroup populations, groups with less sexual conflict will contribute more offspring to the next generation than higher conflict groups, countering the local advantage...

The theoretical foundations for individual and collective dynamics are developed in terms of relations between knowledge structures. Neither individuals nor collectives need to be consistent in their knowledge structures to achieve effective performance, and the notion of conflict arises in modeling failures in coordination attributed to such inconsistency. Methodologies for eliciting and model...

The pervasive use of web technologies and online cooperation tools is posing new challenges in the design of recommender systems, requiring now a rapid move from individual to group recommendations. In this paper, a multi-agent system to provide support to small groups of users in their decisionmaking process is presented. In detail, the addressed problem is to find a common solution for a grou...

“We live in an era of extensive industrial support and involvement in medical research. The National Institutes of Health undertakes cooperative endeavors in which industry provides substantial support in money or in kind, without which the research or clinical effort could not be undertaken. Industry additionally provides substantial nongovernmental clinical and research support to individuals...

The theory of symbolic racism contends that whites' opposition to busing springs from a basic underlying prejudiced or intolerant attitudinal predisposition toward blacks, not self-interest or realistic-group conflict motives. The present research argues that realistic group conflict motives do help explain whites' opposition to busing. Two major criticisms of the symbolic racism approach are m...

We aimed to uncover differences in brain circuits of adolescents with parental positive or negative histories of substance use disorders (SUD), when performing a task that elicits emotional conflict, testing whether the brain circuits could serve as endophenotype markers to distinguish these adolescents. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 11 adolescents with a positive ...

Complex modern-day artifacts are designed by groups of experts, each with their own areas of expertise. Current approaches to group design are often serial and iterative in nature, which can be time-consuming as well as leading to poor designs that are expensive to realize. New models for cooperative group design, which emphasize the parallel interaction of the design experts involved, are need...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.017 0003-3472/© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Conflict between groups is a notable feature of many animal societies. Recent theoretical models suggest that violent intergroup conflict can shape patterns of within-group cooperation. However, despite its prevalence in social species, the adaptive ...