varying degrees of water solubility. Some additives (e.g., methyl tertiary-butyl ether and alcohols) are highly soluble. Other components (e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) are slightly soluble. Many components (e.g., ndodecane and n-heptane) have relatively low water solubility under ideal conditions. Physical and chemical properties which affect transport and fate of selected...

Idealized laboratory experiments reported in the literature have been designed to simulate specific physical and chemical conditions. These laboratory conditions have allowed researchers to control the variables which affect the behavior of contaminants in the subsurface and to identify the mechanisms which are likely to occur in the field. An understanding of the various mechanisms of facilita...

Ground water is sampled to assess its quality for a variety of purposes. Whatever the purpose, it can only be achieved if results are representative of actual site conditions and are interpreted in the context of those conditions. Substantial costs are incurred to obtain and analyze samples. Field costs for drilling, installing, and sampling monitoring wells and laboratory costs for analyzing s...

The present study investigated the effect of sumac (SWE) and Rosemary water extracts (RWE) on microbial growth in ground beef meat during refrigerated storage. The meat samples were explored for changes in TVC, E.coli (0157:H7) and S.aureus populations. Antimicrobial effectiveness of extracts was more pronounced against Gram-positive strain compared with Gram-negative strain. Antimicrobial impa...

The present study investigated the effect of sumac (SWE) and rosemary water extracts (RWE) on microbial growth in ground beef meat during refrigerated storage. The meat samples were explored for changes in TVC, E. coli (0157:H7) and S. aureus populations. Antimicrobial effectiveness of extracts was more pronounced against gram-positive strain compared with gram-negative strain...

The objectives of this review are to summarize existing information on the occurrence of pesticides In groundwater and processes resulting in their detection; to identify existing technologies, and to describe missing information needed to make assessments arid predictions. Validated data on the occurrence of pesticides in groundwater are still limited. Pesticides can reach groundwater followin...

We can trace the roots of ground water hydrology in the U.S. to Wisconsin at the end of the nineteenth century when there was a remarkable confluence of talent at the University of Wisconsin (now the University of WisconsinMadison), including T.C. Chamberlin, F.H. King and C.S. Slichter. Although none of these men likely would have identified himself as a hydrologist, each did seminal work in g...

Introduction William ‘‘Bill’’ Back (Figure 1) was one of the great ‘‘idea people’’ in low-temperature geochemistry during the blossoming of ground water hydrology in the latter half of the twentieth century. Prior to the1950s, most of the research in ground water chemistry was related to water quality and was carried out by chemists who rarely ventured into the field. Bill, Ivan Barnes, Bruce H...

Water is a unique natural resource among all sources available on earth. It plays an important role in economic development and the general well-being of the country. This study aimed at using the application of water quality index in evaluating the ground water quality innorth-east area of Jaipur in pre and post monsoon for public usage. Total eleven physico–chemical characteristics; total dis...