In the transition zone of railway tracks, track irregularities occur frequently due to differential settlement, which arises from difference between vertical supporting stiffness abutment and backfill. This is disadvantageous because it increases maintenance requirements deteriorates ride quality. To address this challenge, study proposes a strategy involving application cement-treated gravel r...

Settlement and growth of quagga mussels Dreissena rostriformis bugensis were monitored in Lake Mead, NV, USA, where the first dreissenid occurrence was confirmed in the western United States. To measure the settlement rate of these invasive mussels, seven acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipes were attached to a line in shallow water (7.7 m below the surface) since November 23, 2007; eight...

Numerous studies have demonstrated the differences in bacterial communities associated with corals versus those in their surrounding environment. However, these environmental samples often represent vastly different microbial micro-environments with few studies having looked at the settlement and growth of bacteria on surfaces similar to corals. As a result, it is difficult to determine which b...

When a pipe roof is used as pre-support for the surrounding rock in shallowly buried tunnel, accurate prediction of support effectiveness important order to ensure rationality structure design. Based on analysis effects, considering construction time structures and interaction mechanisms between steel pipes rock, we establish calculation model pressure acting each semi-circular boundary. Throug...

We utilize a Monte Carlo simulation scheme based on the bond fluctuation model to simulate settlement of "soft" adhesive particles onto sinusoidally-corrugated substrates. Particles are composed of a hard inner core with a "soft" adhesive shell made of surface-grafted polymer chains. These chains adhere to surface lattice sites via pair wise non-specific interactions acting between the substrat...

We examined the effects of fire disturbance on permafrost degradation and thaw settlement across a series of wildfires (from ~1930 to 2010) in the forested areas of collapse-scar bog complexes in the Tanana Flats lowland of interior Alaska. Field measurements were combined with numerical modeling of soil thermal dynamics to assess the roles of fire severity and climate history in postfire perma...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Macroscopic charcoal Fire Paleoecology Pollen Anthropogenic burning CharAnalysis Euro-American settlement Willamette Valley Oregon Washington High-resolution macroscopic charcoal and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct the fire and vegetation history of the Willamette Valley for the last 1200 years. Presented in this paper are three new paleoecological recon...