Snow affects the nutritional ecology of northern ungulates during winter through burial of important winter forages. We used nonlinear regression analyses to model snow-burial dynamics of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) browse biomass, a key winter food item of Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitchensis) in southeastern Alaska, USA. During November 2003–March 2004 we collected data from...

1 Below-ground organisms influence above-ground interactions in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Among the most important below-ground organisms are mycorrhizal fungi, comprising ubiquitous and ancient plant mutualists that have significant effects on plant growth and fitness mediated by resource exchange with plants. In the present study, we focus on the effects of arbuscular mycorrhi...

The plant responses to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) and to insect herbivory are believed to be partially similar. In this study, responses to these factors were investigated in the crop species broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis, Brassicaceae). Plants were first grown under three UV-B regimes (80%, 23%, and 4% transmittance of ambient UV-B) in greenhouses covered with either inno...

metallic silver nanoparticles have been reduced from silver nitrate by employing the extracellular enzymatic machinery of edible white button mushroom (agaricus bisporus). the physical properties of these particles, size and shapes have been determined using techniques like tem, ftir and xrd and were reported in our earlier report. but, what stands of paramount importance in the present context...

licorice, the oldest chinese traditional medicine, is widely used in the treatment of human diseases. due to the deficiency of wild resource, selecting and breeding becomes a key issue to expanding the supply of licorice. spaceflight technology will become a new method for medicinal plants. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spaceflight on the components and anti-inflammator...

Understanding food-web dynamics requires knowing whether species assemblages are compartmentalized into distinct energy channels, and, if so, how these channels are structured in space. We used isotopic analyses to reconstruct the food web of a Kenyan wooded grassland. Insect prey were relatively specialized consumers of either C3 (trees and shrubs) or C4 (grasses) plants. Arboreal predators (a...

Ground water pollution causes adverse damage to soil, plants, human and animals at the same time spreads serious diseases. Ground water pollution can also cause biochemical effects such as inhibition of enzymes, genetic damage, and hypertension etc due to higher concentration of trace metals in the ground water. The present investigation is directed towards analysis of major metal ion concentra...

Introduction: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation affects human organs such as skin, eyes and immune system, as well as animals and plants. The main natural source of UV radiation is the Sun. To study the effects of solar UV radiation there is a need to quantify variations of solar energy received on the earth surface at different intervals. Materials and Methods: To measure UV radiation a broadband fib...

introduction: ultraviolet (uv) radiation affects human organs such as skin, eyes and immune system, as well as animals and plants. the main natural source of uv radiation is the sun. to study the effects of solar uv radiation there is a need to quantify variations of solar energy received on the earth surface at different intervals. materials and methods: to measure uv radiation a broadband fib...