The proposal discussed in this paper is to levy a common charge on all emissions of greenhouse gases, worldwide. All countries would be covered in principle, but the proposal could be implemented with a much smaller number of countries, provided they covered most of the emissions. While all greenhouse gases should in principle be covered, this paper will address mainly carbon dioxide, quantitat...

The carbon (C) cycle is the basis for greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Globally, agriculture is responsible for about 20% of the greenhouse gas emissions. However, this percentage does not take into account the large role that agriculture plays in the opposing processes of photosynthesis and respiration (Figure 1), as well as contributions to soil organic C sequestration via animal ...

Policy-makers targeting reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have a variety of instruments at their disposal (emission taxes excluded). Policies implemented thus far such as the Kyoto protocol, EU’s Emission Trading Scheme, and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the US north-east, suggest that the preferred instrument is an emission quota per polluter. The prinicipal activity targ...

The EPA will issue rules regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing steam boilers and refineries in 2012. A crucial issue affecting the scope and cost of emissions reductions will be the potential introduction of flexibility in compliance, including averaging across groups of facilities. This research investigates the role of compliance flexibility for the most important of these s...

Advances in technologies for extracting oil and gas from shale formations have dramatically increased U.S. production of natural gas. As production expands domestically and abroad, natural gas prices will be lower than without shale gas. Lower prices have two main effects: increasing overall energy consumption, and encouraging substitution away from sources such as coal, nuclear, renewables, an...

greenhouse gases emissions from burning fossil fuels and the effect of these gases on climate change is one of the most important ecological and political issues. in this study the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from tillage and soybean planting were assessed in gorgan. this study is done on 13 soybean farms in 2012. information related to tillage and planting operations were p...

application of appropriate agricultural operations is a strategy to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural productions process. in this study, fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions values for each farm operation was evaluated in gorgan and ali-abad katol to soybean product. all activities and production processes about operations were monitored and re...

We examine the implications of school choice on walkability, school travel mode and overall environmental emissions. In developing this proof-of-concept model we show—and quantify—differences between city-wide schools and their neighborhood school counterpart. Our analysis demonstrates how children attending city-wide schools may have heightened travel distance, greenhouse gas emissions, and ex...