Abtract: The Pliocene locality of Ahl al Oughlam is situated at the southeastern limit of the city of Casablanca, in Morocco, on an ancient seashore of the Atlantic Ocean. It has yielded a very rich vertebrate fauna (macroand micromammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes) including both terrestrial and marine forms. On the basis of biostratigraphy, the fauna has been dated at about 2.5 M...

28 Abstract Lameness is one of the most common problems of musculoskeletal injuries faced by birds especially Ostrich (struthius camales) chicks during brooding period. Mostly it occurs due to fracture in long and their associated bones because of development of pathological condition of bone softening. In avian species, external splints and intramedullary pinning are the most common method to ...

Starting from the biomechanics principle, the three-dimensional (3D) composite model of ostrich foot locomotion system was established using dissection, medical scan modelling, reverse engineering (RE) and finite element (FE) analysis technology. Simulation calculation on the model under three groups of different loads was performed. Meanwhile, plantar pressure test on the in vitro ostrich foot...

The first finite element (FE) validation of a complete avian cranium was performed on an extant palaeognath, the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Ex-vivo strains were collected from the cranial bone and rhamphotheca. These experimental strains were then compared to convergence tested, specimen-specific finite element (FE) models. The FE models contained segmented cortical and trabecular bone, suture...

The ostrich breeding system is complex and unique; communal clutches are laid by several females, although only one female, the major female, and the resident territorial male provide parental care. More eggs are laid in the nest than can be incubated and the major female ejects surplus eggs from the incubated central clutch. Microsatellite markers were used to analyse the parentage of communal...