We show that a knot with a diagram with n granny and square tangles has unknotting number at least n, bridge number > n, and braid index > n. As an application, we construct exponentially many in the crossing number slice knots with arbitrarily high unknotting number.

To ensure that university computing students are sensitized to the needs of diverse user groups, a course project was designed to allow students to get a realistic understanding of the needs and abilities of the older mobile phone user. Over a three year period different student cohorts interviewed these users to assess their experience with mobile phones. It was found that students were genera...

Co-flowering plants can experience an array of interactions, ranging from facilitation to competition, the direction and strength which are often dependent on relative abundance diversity plant species involved foraging behavior their pollinators. Understanding interactions between plant–pollinator networks how they change over time is particularly important within agricultural systems, such as...

There are few available compounds that can both control browning and enhance microbial safety of fresh-cut fruits. In the present study, the antibrowning ability of sodium acid sulfate (SAS) on "Granny Smith" apple slices was first investigated in terms of optimum concentration and treatment time. In a separate experiment, the apple slices were treated with water or 3% of SAS, calcium ascorbate...