To determine the role of natural enemies and host-plant quality in the population dynamics of Cameraria hamadryadella. we examined survival patterns and causes of mortality of a single population of C. hamadryadella during the epidemic vcars of 1982-1984 and the endemic years of 198,S-1990. C hamadryadella is a leat-mining microlepidopteran whose primary host is white oak, Quercus alba. Populat...

Studies were conducted to quantify leaf area damage to ‘Tahiti’ lime by citrus leafminer (CLM) (PhyllocnistLF citrella Stainton) and to relate leaf damage to larval density and the length of time mining per leaf. Visual estimates of leaf damage were similar among five evaluators and were positively correlated with image analysis determinations. The number of CLM larvae per leaf and the number o...

Melia azedarach L. extracts were studied in comparison with selected biorational insecticides against the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton under field conditions. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. trees were exposed to: Melia extracts of green and mature fruits, Neem oil (30% a.i.), abamectin (1.8% a.i.) and control. Two sprays of each treatment (except for Melia mature fruit extract) ...

Epicephala moths are involved in obligate mutualisms with their Phyllanthaceae hosts, in which the female moths assure pollination and, in return, their progeny develop by consuming the seeds. Ecological, molecular and geographical data suggest that the genus includes several hundred species, but the majority remains to be formally described. Here we revise the Japanese species of Epicephala Me...