For many years the tribes and communities of American Indians and Alaska Natives have been the subject of intense study and research in a number of disciplines, particularly anthropology, sociology, psychology, and medicine. Until recently, virtually all research was conducted by non-Indians. Only in the past 20 years have more American Indians begun to enter into the social science professions...

The severe accident that broke out at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power stations on March 11, 2011, caused seemingly infinite damage to the daily life of residents. Serious and wide-spread contamination of the environment occurred due to radioactive materials discharged from nuclear power stations (NPSs). At the same time, many issues were highlighted concerning countermeasures to severe nuclear...

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The Trends in International Mathematics and Science studies provide country-level data for tracking changes in student achievement over time. In this paper the author has developed a method for identifying and monitoring trends in student achievement above or below any specified cut-point on these tests. The method involved the use of the Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke indices, as well as a modif...

The social development scene in Bangladesh is characterised by a strong presence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The NGOs emerged following the war of liberation to help the communities in distress as part of post-war rehabilitation. Afterwards, with assistance from foreign donor agencies, they expanded their activities to deliver a variety of services including microcredit, essential...

This paper describes a stylized model of internally displaced person (IDP) dynamics in East Africa. Displaced people often require support from national governments, international agencies or major non-governmental organizations. Anticipating the timing and magnitude of displacement events, as well as the likely locations to which displaced people will move would be of great interest to the var...

This vision of the future is motivated by the increasing traffic congestion around our densely populated metropolitan areas. There is no need here to reference the numerous studies on traffic safety and pollution carried out by governmental agencies over the years or to bring forward accident, carbon dioxide, and driver-stress figures. Everyone that has been in a large city in rush hour has mos...

Governmental agencies provide a large and open set of satellite imagery which can be used to track changes in geographic features over time. The current available analysis methods are complex and they are very demanding in terms of computing capabilities. Hence, scientist cannot reproduce analytic results because of lack of computing infrastructure. Therefore, we propose a combination of stream...

This paper examines and critiques the ways in which the national government supports the conservation of currently private land. The federal government regulates the development of private land through laws such as the Endangered Species Act; finances the acquisition of fee and other interests in land by federal, state, and local governmental agencies; provides grants to land trusts and other n...

In this study, we assessed the cost of drinking and driving in the city of São Paulo/SP, Brazil in 2008 using a cost-of-illness assessment. The estimated social cost of drinking-and-driving” varied from 239 million to 283 million BRL in 2008. Although the costs were underestimated due to the scarcity of available data, the present study succeeded in establishing a close approximation of the exp...