Most undeciphered lost languages exhibit two characteristics that pose significant decipherment challenges: (1) the scripts are not fully segmented into words; (2) closest known language is determined. We propose a model handles both of these challenges by building on rich linguistic constraints reflecting consistent patterns in historical sound change. capture natural phonological geometry lea...

Gothic arch calcite, a specific crystallographic variety of calcite known from some hot springs and tufa streams, has been newly recognized in the Koněprusy Caves. The gothic-arch occurs on exteriors exotic coralloid speleothems where it coexists with scalenohedral (dogtooth) spar crystals. crystals exhibit microscopic ultrastructural features including deeply eroded topography, etch pits, spik...

The correct evaluation of the curvatures ball screw grooves allows accurate design constructive parameters this mechanism and enhancing its performance. formulation commonly used in literature, however, refers to bearing geometry, ignoring shape section’s profile helix angle. In paper, exact formulae for calculating principal curvature radii shaft nut are analytically derived presented. These e...

One of the main arguments used to legitimise Christian military expansion in medieval Iberia was location origin Iberian kingdoms ancient Visigothic Kingdom Toledo (507–711), which established a notion political continuity between these entities. The legitimacy reflected polities that emerged out process expansion, enabling activity against Muslims be portrayed as restoration Gothic Spain. In p...

In this paper we report on our experience in creating photo-realistic virtual environments of frescoed surfaces to allow scientists, conservationists, historians, and tourists to closely study important frescoes at high level of details. In addition to allowing unlimited virtual access, this will also protect the frescoes from the damage that can be caused by opening the site to a large number ...

human shape. But upon the middle of the body a fire of coals was smouldering; the flesh had been burnt through. The man was dead, but the smoke of his torment mounted still, a black vapour." In detective fiction, W H Auden said, the corpse must shock "not only because it is a corpse, but also because, even for a corpse, it is shockingly out of place, as when a dog makes a mess on a drawing-room...

This article explores the popularisation of concept haunted space in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Scotland. While earlier ghost stories were usually about haunting people, rise Gothic Romantic literary aesthetics fuelled a new interest both Scottish landscape, dramatic potential lurking spectres. Amid upheaval industrialisation Highland Clearances, period when Scots still wrestling w...

Stained glass is arguably one of the most important aspects of Gothic cathedrals. As its popularity rose, mainly during the mid-12th century, the increased presence of stained glass presented major changes to the way the general populace was learning about religion. The windows became illuminated visual sermons of biblical stories, which may have had an even greater impact than the spoken word ...