heavy metals found in urban air with its toxic effects have a direct impact on human health. selection of appropriate tree species and shrub refining capacity of heavy metals in urban areas can greatly reduce the toxic effects of these materials. this study aimed to identify the most suitable tree and shrub species of broadleaf evergreen, deciduous and coniferous refinement of heavy metals lead...

water shortage in the agricultural sector is currently a major challenge in crop production. the more efficient water usage is that which increases yield without increasing water use. thus, a determination of the water-yield relationship is essential. a field study was conducted to examine water-yield relations in three genotypes of soybeans, including optimum irrigation depth, a comparison of ...

Tobacco industry marketing is a primary factor influencing cigarette smoking behavior and the cigarette pack has become an important marketing vehicle for tobacco companies. Standardized "plain" cigarette packaging is advocated as a public health policy to prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality caused by smoking by reducing youth smoking initiation and promoting cessation among smokers. Pla...

Background: In cirrhotic patients undergoing ano-rectal surgery, spinal anesthesia/analgesia remains a challenge. Coagulopathy and intraoperative hypotension represent a major challenge for the anesthetist during spinal anesthesia in those patients. This study was designed to examine the efficacy and the adverse effects of ropivacaine (plain, hyperbaric) spinal anesthesia for anorectal surgery ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether smokers smoking from packs required under Australia's plain packaging law had different smoking beliefs and quitting thoughts, compared with those still smoking from branded packs. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey during the roll-out phase of the law, analysed by timing of survey. SETTING Australian state of Victoria, November 2012. PARTICIPANTS 536 cigarette s...

in order to achieve high quality seeds, producers must be able to estimate the accurate harvest maturity time seeds. the objective of this study was to investigate changes in seed quality during seed development and maturation in the two cultivars native of the sari and gorgan and two cultivars modified of the darab14 and yellowhite. a field experiment was conducted in during 2009 at gorgan uni...

Introduction. Whole body CT is being used increasingly in the primary survey of major trauma patients. We evaluated whether omitting plain films of the chest and pelvis in the primary survey was safe. We compared the probability of survival of patients and time to CT who had plain X-rays to those who did not. Method. We performed a database study on major trauma patients admitted between 2008 a...