Noninvasive brain imaging has established the participation of the cortex in pain perception and identified a long list of brain structures involved. More recent studies show the interaction between clinical chronic pain conditions and the reorganization of the brain functionally, anatomically, and chemically. Mechanisms underlying this reorganization hint to essential links between pain, espec...

In this paper first we introduce the notion of weak $Gamma$-(semi)hypergroups, next some classes of equivalence relations which are called good regular and strongly good regular relations are defined.  Then we investigate some properties of this kind of relations on weak $Gamma$-(semi)hypergroups.

the problem which has been the focus of city constructors and architectures since the beginning of citizenship life is the issue of the nature of environmental quality. this study, with a review of explaining paradigms of environmental quality and by reliance on basic works, has assumed the question of nature of environmental quality an interdisciplinary concept (civic construction, sociology, ...

linda zagzebski presents a new kind of foundational moral theory in her exemplarist virtue theory which exemplary persons have considered as the foundation. in this theory all of the basic moral concepts such as good ends and right acts are defined by direct reference to paradigmatically good person. one of the most important consequences of this theory is that moral propositions are a posterio...